Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
question topics to ask about the client:
- problems w/ joints
Pain, stiffness, swelling,
heat, redness, limited
mobility - history of joint injury
- problems w/ muscles
Pain, cramping, weakness - bone pain
Deformity, injury, limping,
gait, back pain, hip pain - Functional assessment (ADLs), ask about each
Bathing, toileting, dressing,
grooming, eating, mobility,
communicating - occupational hazards
- older adults
A
subjective assessment
2
Q
assistive devices
women over 65 - osteoporosis screening
A
aging/older adults
3
Q
- Get Up and Go exam
- Tinetti Test or Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)
A
Gait
4
Q
- helps determine older adults at increased risk for falling
- monitor the time it takes for the person to rise from an armchair, walk 10 ft, turn, walk back, and sit down again
- healthy older adult older than 60 would manage this test in less than 10 seconds
A
Get Up and Go Exam
5
Q
- measures an older adult’s gait and balance abilities
- examines step length and height, gait initiation, step symmetry and continuity, straightness of the path of travel while trying to walk in a straight line, trunk position, and base of support during the period of double support.
A
Tinetti Test or Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)
6
Q
- Inspection
- Palpation
- Range of Motion
goniometer - Muscle Testing
A
physical assessment
7
Q
- Size and Contour of all joints
- Color
- Swelling
- Masses or deformity
- Atrophy of muscles
- Abnormal: effusion, bursitis, arthritis, dislocation, subluxation, contracture, ankylosis, Hebrden’s nodes,
A
inspection
8
Q
- palpate each joint
- heat
- tenderness
- swelling
- masses
A
palpation
9
Q
- assess ROM for all joints
- be aware about the terms for each ROM
- active and passive motion
- never force a joint past pain or stiffness
- during ROM, you must listen for crepitation
A
ROM
10
Q
model movements
A
active ROM
11
Q
support distal joints
A
passive ROM
12
Q
- Test strength of prime mover
- Repeat ROM with resistance
- Strength should be equal bilaterally
- Use grading system with assessment
- Document strength with resistance
A
Muscle testing
13
Q
- chin to chest
- chin up
- ear to shoulder
- right to left flexion
A
Assessing Head and Neck ROM
14
Q
flexion
A
chin to chest
15
Q
extension
A
chin up
16
Q
lateral bending
A
ear to shoulder
17
Q
w/ resistance - cranial nerve XI - spinal
A
right to left flexion
18
Q
- elbow
- carpal tunnel
- osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
A
Arms, hands, and wrist
19
Q
dislocation in a joint
mostly occurs in elbow
A
subluxation
20
Q
Carpal tunnel
breakdown of cartilage around the lower thumb joint
A
thenar eminence atrophy
21
Q
- wrist flexion sign
- assessing for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
- sitting or standing
- examiner passively flexed the patient’s wrist maximally (but not overpressure), while maintaining the shoulder in neutral and elbow in extension.
- positive: patient experiences numbness or tingling throughout the median nerve distribution of the hand within 45 seconds
- abnormal: numbness and burning w/ carpal tunnel syndrome
A
Phalen test
22
Q
- tingling or “pins and needles” feeling you get when your healthcare provider taps your skin over a nerve.
- May be an indicator that you have nerve compression or damage where they’re tapping
- positive: tapping your nerve causes a tingling sensation to radiate through that area of your body.
- negative: no tingling sensation; doesn’t mean it’s normal
A
Tineal sign
23
Q
generalized swelling
Heberden nodules
Bouchard nodules
assessed via physical and history examination
A
Osteoarthritis
24
Q
bilateral swelling - boggy tender MCPs
A
Rheumatoid Arthritis
25
- Olecranon Bursitis
- Goose Egg
- Rheumaoid Nodules
- Ankylosis
abnormal findings in arm
26
finding in elbow - goose egg - w/ trauma, gout, or RA
Olecranon Bursitis
27
sign of olecranon bursitis
Goose Egg
28
finding in ulna and elbow - raised firm nodules
Rheumaoid Nodules
29
severe RA - extreme flexion of wrist
Ankylosis
30
- Genu varum
- Genu valgum
- Bulge sign
- McMurray test
- Hallux valgus
- Ortolani maneuver
Hips and legs
31
bowleg
Genu varum
32
knock-knees
Genu valgum
33
fluid in suprapatellar pouch
Bulge sign
34
series of movements of knees and legs to diagnose a torn meniscus
positive for torn meniscus: hear or feel a "click"
McMurray test
35
a.k.a. bunion
pain and stiffness in big toe
Hallux valgus
36
infancy to 1 yr - hip dysplasia
Ortolani maneuver
37
- Scoliosis
- Lordosis
- Kyphosis
Spinal assessment
38
s curve of spine
Scoliosis
39
lumbar curvature
Lordosis
40
thoracic curvature
Kyphosis
41
high diet in calcium
smoking - reduces BMD
weight baring activity increases bone density
Osteoporosis screening: DEXA
women: 65
men: 70
Health promotion
42
measures available ROM at joint
measures an angle or permits the rotation of an object to a definite position
goniometer
43
small, pea-sized bony growths that occur on the joint closest to the tip of the finger, also called the distal interphalangeal joint
Heberden nodules
44
Bony bumps on the middle joint of the finger
Bouchard nodules
45
one of the abnormal findings of ROM
audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement
crepitation
46
occurs w/ TMJ inflammation and Arthritis
decreased ROM
47
tight stretch of the muscles and tendons
strain
48
stretching or tearing of ligaments
sprain
49
broken/shattered part of bone
fracture
50
scale from 0 to 5
muscle test grading
51
None
no visible or palpable contraction
0
52
Trace
visible or palpable contraction w/ no motion
1
53
Poor
Full ROM, gravity eliminated
2
54
Fair
Full ROM against gravity
3
55
Good
Full ROM against gravity, moderate resistance
4
56
Normal
Full ROM against gravity, maximum resistance
5
