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Core 1 > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components of bone?

A
  1. Spongy Bone
  2. Compact Bone
  3. Medullary Canal
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2
Q

What names of the connective tissue in the muscles?

A

Epimysium, Perimysium, and Endomysium

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3
Q

What are the components of skeletal muscle?

A

Muscle belly -> Fascicle (bundle) -> Muscle Fiber (Cell) -> Myofibril

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4
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Bone to bone attachment

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5
Q

What are tendons?

A

Muscle to bone connection

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6
Q

What is cartilage?

A

flexible connective tissue that keeps joint motion fluid by coating the surfaces of the bones in our joints and by cushioning bones against impact

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7
Q

What are the name of bone cells and what do they do?

A

Osteoblast - builds and repairs
Osteocyctes - communication
Osteoclasts - breaks down bone

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8
Q

What is the shoulder grindle made up of and what does it go?

A

clavicle and scapula; aids in rotational arm movements

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9
Q

What are the major bones of the skull?

A

Cranium, maxilla, and mandible

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10
Q

What are the major bones of the arm?

A

Humerus, Radius, and Ulna

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11
Q

What are the major bones of the hand?

A

Carpals, Meta carpals, and phalanges

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12
Q

What are the bones of the spine and how many are there?

A

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5

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13
Q

What are the bones of the pelvic girdle?

A

ilium, pubis, and ischium

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14
Q

What are the main bones of the legs?

A

Femur, tibia, and fibula

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15
Q

What are the main bones of the feet?

A

Tarsals and metatarsals

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16
Q

What are the major muscles of the upper body and what are their actions?

A

Deltoid - Shoulder abduction, flexion, and extension
Biceps - flexes elbow
Triceps - extends forearm

17
Q

What are the major muscles of the lower body? What are their actions?

A

Quads (4 muscles) - knee extension; hip flexion
Hamstrings (3 muscles) - flex knees; extends hip joint; medially rotates at knee
Tibialis anterior - dorsiflex and invert foot
Gastrocnemius - plantar flexes foot; flexes knee

18
Q

What are the major muscles of trunk-anterior? What are their actions?

A

Pectoralis - controls arm; lateral, vertical, or rotational motion
Rectus Abdominus- pulls ribs and pelvis; curves the back
External Oblique - rotate trunk

19
Q

What are the major muscles of trunk-posterior? What are their actions?

A

Trapezius - tilt and turn the head and neck; shrug; twists arm; moves scapula
Latissimus Dorsi - Extends, adducts, and rotates the arm

20
Q

What are the ligaments of the Knee and what are their actions?

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament - controls twisting and forward movement
Posterior Cruciate Ligament - controls backward movement of the tibia
Medial Cruciate Ligament - prevents excessive outward movement and stabilizes against twisting of the leg
Lateral Collateral Ligament - prevents excessive inward movement and also helps against twisting

21
Q

What are the ligaments in the ankle and what do they do?

A

Lateral collateral ligament complex - outer ankle

Medial collateral ligament - inside of ankle

22
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

23
Q

What is the most common knee injury?

A

ACL

24
Q

What are the three kinds of cartilage?

A

Hyaline - most common - precursor of bone
Fibro - inter-vertebral discs; joint capsules
Elastic

25
Q

What are the major types of joints?

A

Fibrous joints - joined by dense connective tissue (sutures)
Cartilaginous joints - joined by cartilage (vertebrae in the spine)
Synovial joints - fluid-filled space (knee joint)

26
Q

What are the names of different curves of the spine?

A

Lordosis - “swayback” significant inward on the lower back (pregnant walk)
Kyphosis - “hunchback” abnormal rounded upper back
Scoliosis - S- or C-shape of the spine

27
Q

What are the steps of muscle contraction from the Neuromuscular Junction?

A
  1. Motor neuron sends nerve impulse
  2. Ach is released and diffuses across the synaptic cleft and attaches to receptors located on the sarcolemma
  3. Increases in Ach, sodium rushes in
  4. Increase in positive ions inside the muscle cell causes depolarization, and generates an Action Potential which travels down into the T-tubule
28
Q

How does an action potential cause a muscle contraction?

A
  1. Calcium from the T-tubule causes the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum to release stored Calcium into the sarcoplasm
  2. Ca++ binds to Troponin and Tropomyosin causes it to change shape and position
  3. Myosin head attaches to binding site on actin and pulls the filament towards the center of the sarcomere (ATP provides energy for the myosin heads simultaneously release and bind to actin)
  4. Muscle contraction occurs

Core 1 (2 decks)

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