Musculoskeletal physiology Flashcards
What are the 3 types of muscle?
Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac muscle.
What is skeletal muscle and where is it?
Skeletal muscle is attached to bones within the skeleton. It is attached to these bones via tendons, allowing for body movement. These are under voluntary control.
What do skeletal muscle cells look like?
Skeletal muscle cells are long, cylindrical and have more than one nucleus. They also have striations (stripes).
What is cardiac muscle and where is it?
Cardiac muscle is found only within the walls of the heart. Cardiac muscle is under involuntary control.
What do cardiac muscle cells look like?
Cardiac muscle cells are short cells that are tightly packed together. They have only one nucleus and have striations (stripes).
What is smooth muscle and where is it?
Smooth muscle is found in the walls of blood vessels, digestive tracts, uterus, bladder and other internal structures. Smooth muscle is under involuntary control.
What do smooth muscle cells look like?
Smooth muscle cells have no stripes (striations) unlike Cardiac and skeletal muscle. When they contract, the muscle becomes smaller or enlarges so that substances are propelled through them.
What is ATP and what does it do?
ATP is adenosine triphosphate. It is used to power muscle activity. The cells use it to produce energy and to create chemical reactions. Cells must produce ATP to survive.
How much ATP is created during aerobic respiration?
During aerobic (oxygenised) respiration, 38 ATP molecules are produced. Aerobic metabolism is the generation of ATP via glucose use in the presence of oxygen. ATP is produced by breaking down glucose, CO2 and H20.
How much ATP is created during anaerobic respiration?
During anaerobic (deoxygenated) respiration, only 2 ATP molecules are produced. Anaerobic metabolism is the generation of energy using glucose without oxygen.
What is the difference between diffusion, osmosis and filtration?
Diffusion is a high concentration area moving to a low concentration area to create an equilibrium between the 2 areas.
Osmosis is a low solute concentration moving to a high solute concentration via a semi permeable membrane.
Filtration is the force of pressure, forcing molecules through a single layer of endothelial cells across capillary walls requiring no energy.
