musculoskeletal, neurologic, & GI System Flashcards
kyphosis
thoracic
lordosis
lumbar
scoliosis
s shaped
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune
bilateral joint inflammation
osteoarthritis
overuse injury
cartilage breaks down in joints
unilateral
gout
uric acid crystals form in joints
big toe
tophi = uric acid in ears
myalgia
muscle pain
ostealgia
bone pain
OPQRSTU
Onset of the event Provocation or palliation Quality of the pain Region and radiation Severity Time (history)
complete musculoskeletal exam appropriate for:
articular disease
history of musculoskeletal issues
problems with ADLs activity of daily living
always compare side to d=side, head to toe
musculoskeletal physical exam
no auscultation or percussion
- inspect, palpate, test, assess
inspect
bumps, lumps, lesions, bilateral symmetry, muscle circumference, ROM
dislocation
loss of contact between articular cartilage of two bones; complete dislocation
Subluxation
contact between articular surfaces is only partially lost; partial dislocation
Contracture
muscle permanently contracted (due to muscle fiber shortening without an action potential or caused by failure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum even with a available ATP)
Ankylosis
stiffening or immobility of joint
Palpate and Test
stabalize joint with one hand and move distal portion with other hand
- adduction, abduction, flexion, extension
grading muscle strength
0 - no muscle contract
5 - move full ROM against resistance
tests for Carpel Tunnel Syndrome CTS
Phalen’s Test - acute flexion of wrist for 60 seconds and produces no symptoms of numbness or burning
Tindal sign - direct percussion of location of median nerve at wrist produces no symptoms of burning, tingling along its distribution
- repetitive motion injury
- bulge sign
congenital hip dislocation
alli’s test - level of keens, push knees back and to bed
ordilionie’s maneuver - hip disloaction
preschool and school-age children legs and feet
bowlegged - normal 1 year after child begins to walk
knock knees (genu valgum) - normal between 2 and 3 1/2 years
flatfoot (pes planus) - normal until 3 years
broad base stance - normal 12-30 months
pigeon toes - normal til 3 years
tandelenburg’s sign - alignment of pelivis when stunned on one foot
osteoporosis
loss of bone density
decrease in bone strength leads to it
occurs without many symptoms until a break or kyphosis occurs
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic autoimmune disease of connective tissue - onset is gradual with fatigue morning onset ulnur deviation boutonnieres sign swan neck deformity bad in morning but better with use bilateral
osteoarthritis
enlargement of joints overuse injury non-inflammatory swelling and aching worse with use of joints can be worse in morning