Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Assessment > musculoskeletal, neurologic, & GI System > Flashcards

musculoskeletal, neurologic, & GI System Flashcards

1
Q

kyphosis

A

thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lordosis

A

lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

scoliosis

A

s shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune

bilateral joint inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

osteoarthritis

A

overuse injury
cartilage breaks down in joints
unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gout

A

uric acid crystals form in joints
big toe
tophi = uric acid in ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ostealgia

A

bone pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

OPQRSTU

A 
Onset of the event
Provocation or palliation
Quality of the pain
Region and radiation
Severity
Time (history)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

complete musculoskeletal exam appropriate for:

A

articular disease
history of musculoskeletal issues
problems with ADLs activity of daily living
always compare side to d=side, head to toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

musculoskeletal physical exam

A

no auscultation or percussion

- inspect, palpate, test, assess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

inspect

A

bumps, lumps, lesions, bilateral symmetry, muscle circumference, ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dislocation

A

loss of contact between articular cartilage of two bones; complete dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Subluxation

A

contact between articular surfaces is only partially lost; partial dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contracture

A

muscle permanently contracted (due to muscle fiber shortening without an action potential or caused by failure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum even with a available ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ankylosis

A

stiffening or immobility of joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Palpate and Test

A

stabalize joint with one hand and move distal portion with other hand
- adduction, abduction, flexion, extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

grading muscle strength

A

0 - no muscle contract

5 - move full ROM against resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tests for Carpel Tunnel Syndrome CTS

A

Phalen’s Test - acute flexion of wrist for 60 seconds and produces no symptoms of numbness or burning

Tindal sign - direct percussion of location of median nerve at wrist produces no symptoms of burning, tingling along its distribution

  • repetitive motion injury
  • bulge sign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

congenital hip dislocation

A

alli’s test - level of keens, push knees back and to bed

ordilionie’s maneuver - hip disloaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

preschool and school-age children legs and feet

A

bowlegged - normal 1 year after child begins to walk

knock knees (genu valgum) - normal between 2 and 3 1/2 years

flatfoot (pes planus) - normal until 3 years

broad base stance - normal 12-30 months

pigeon toes - normal til 3 years

tandelenburg’s sign - alignment of pelivis when stunned on one foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of bone density
decrease in bone strength leads to it
occurs without many symptoms until a break or kyphosis occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A 
chronic autoimmune disease of connective tissue
- onset is gradual with fatigue
morning onset
ulnur deviation
boutonnieres sign
swan neck deformity
bad in morning but better with use 
bilateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

osteoarthritis

A 
enlargement of joints
overuse injury
non-inflammatory
swelling and aching
worse with use of joints
can be worse in morning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of bursa

common in shoulders, elbow, hip, knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

gout

A 
hereditary increase in uric acid
great toe
edema of joints that is painful with limited ROM
tophi - UA in ears
kidney stones cause flank pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

herniated nucleus pulpus

A
  • fibrous cartilage surrounding intervertebral disk ruptures and nucleus pulpus is displaced and compresses on spinal nerves
  • deep tendon reflexes are depressed or absent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

scoliosis

A

s shaped deformity of vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

carpel tunnel syndrom CTS

A

median nerve compressed between floor retinacululm and other structures within carpel tunnel

  • repetive movements, injury to wrist
  • burning, numbers, tingling in hands at night
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Syncope

A

fainting from temporary loss of consciousness due to cerebral ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Paresis

A

slight or incomplete paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Dysmetria

A

inability to accurately control the range of movement in muscular acts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ataxia

A

failure of muscular coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Paresthesia

A

a skin sensation such as burning, itching, prickling with no apparent cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Dysarthria

A

speech disorder caused by disturbances of muscular control because of damage to the central or peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Dysphasia

A

inability to fully communicate; usually results from brain injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Stereognosis

A

ability to identify objects via touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Graphesthesia

A

ability to feel writing on the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Kinesthesia-

A

awareness of one’s own position, weight, tension, and movement (“movement sense”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

extreme sensitivity to pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Hypoalgesia

A

diminished sensation of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Analgesia

A

absence of sensibility to pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

increased sensitivity to stimulation, particularly to touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Hypoesthesia

A

partial loss of sensitivity to stimuli, diminished sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Anesthesia

A

loss of sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia-

A

inability to perform rapidly alternating movements, such as rhythmically tapping fingers on knees, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Anosmia-

A

lacking sense of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Papilledema-

A

swelling of the optic nerve at the point where it meets the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Ptosis

A

drooping of the upper eyelid (also called blepharoptosis); can affect one or both eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Strabismus

A

when the eyes do not point in the same direction; deviation away from center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Nystagmus

A

“shaking” of the eyeballs; rapid to-and-from motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Fasciculations

A

small, local involuntary muscular contraction visible under the skin because of spontaneous discharge of fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

senile tremors

A

go away with alcohol use

54
Q

Glasco Coma Scale

A

Eye Does not open eyes Opens eyes in response to painful stimuli Opens eyes in response to voice Opens eyes spontaneously N/A N/A
Verbal Makes no sounds Incomprehensible sounds Utters inappropriate words Confused, disoriented Oriented, converses normally N/A
Motor Makes no movements Extension to painful stimuli (decerebrate response) Abnormal flexion to painful stimuli (decorticate response) Flexion / Withdrawal to painful stimuli Localizes painful stimuli Obeys commands

55
Q

Apgar Scale

A

Appearance/Complexion blue or pale all over blue at extremities
body pink
(acrocyanosis) no cyanosis
body and extremities pink Appearance
Pulse rate absent 100 Pulse
Reflex irritability no response to stimulation grimace on suction or aggressive stimulation cry on stimulation Grimace
Activity none some flexion flexed arms and legs that resist extension Activity
Respiratory Effort absent weak, irregular, gasping strong, lusty cry Respiration

56
Q

cranial nerves

A 
olfactory
optic
occulomotor
trochlear
tigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocholcear
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal
57
Q

palpate muscles and note:

A

paresis (weakness), paralysis, pain, flaccidity (weakness/paralysis), spasticity, rigidity

58
Q

tests for cerebellar functions

A 
observe gait
tandem walking
romberg test - eyes closed, feet together, arms at side, don't sway
knee bending - one legged squats
toe heel walking
59
Q

tests for coordination

A

RAM (Rapid alternating movements) - touch each finger to tips of thumbs, dysdiadochokinesia
finger to finger - dysmetria
finger to nose
heel to shin

60
Q

tests for peripheral nerves

A

spinothalmic tract - diabetic neuropathy. paoin, temp, light touch

posterior column tract - vibration with tuning fork, tactile discrimination - stereognosis, graphesthesia, two point discrimination, point location

61
Q

accessing deep tendon reflexes

A

biceps reflex - contraction of biceps muscle, flexion of elbow

triceps reflex - contraction of triceps

brachioradial reflex - pronation of forearm, flexion of elbow

petellar reflex - quads reflex, extension of lower leg

achilles reflex - ankle jerk

Clonus - dorsiflexion of foot

Grading scale: 0 - none, 4 - very brisk

62
Q

accessing superficial reflexes

A

abdominal reflexes - stroke abdomen away from umbilicus

cremasteric reflex - men, stroke upper inner thigh, testicle should rise slightly

plantar reflex - upside down J, dorsiflexion is abnormal . positive bobiski

63
Q

infant relfexes

A

rooting - birth -3 months, baby turns head to touch

sucking - birth - 10 months

palmar - 1-2 months

plantar - bith - 8 months. touch ball of baby’s foot and toes curl

babinski - birth to 24 months, plantar etching, toes fan

64
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

demyelnation
automimmune
fatigue, depression, paresthesias

65
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of meninges that surround brain and spinal cord

  • invasion of bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites, or other toxins
  • severe headache, fever, malaise, stiff neck, positive brudzinskis and kernigs
  • viral easier to treat and recover from
66
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain tissue and meninges

  • headache, lethargy, irritability, nausea, nucal rigidity, vomiting
  • decreased consciousness
67
Q

spinal cord injury

A

traumatic disruption of spinal cord

-

68
Q

head injury

A

craniocerebral injury - LOC, may affect memory, cognition, motor or sensory abilities

69
Q

parkinsons

A

degenerate nerves
resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity
mask like face muscle weakness, shuffling gait, finger pill rolling tremors

70
Q

CVA Stroke

A

occulded arteries in brain

  • signs/symptoms directly related to affected area
  • sudden unilateral numbness, weakness
  • trouble walking, disease, loss of balance
  • severed and sudden headache
  • sudden confusion, difficulty swalling, difficulty speaking
71
Q

alzheimers disease

A

most common dementia

  • 3 stages: 1st 2-4 years, memory fails 2nd 2-12 years progressive memory loss, difficulty with ADLs, language decreases 3rd total care required and unable to communicate
  • body can ‘forget how to work’ and death
72
Q

10 warning signs of alzheimers

A
  1. memor changes that disrupt daily life
  2. challengs in planning or solving problems
  3. difficulty completeing familiar tasks
  4. confusion to time or place
  5. trouble understanding visual images and spatial relations
  6. new problems with word in speaking or writing
  7. misplacing things and losing ability to retrace steps
  8. decreased or poor judgement
  9. withdrawal from work or social
  10. changes in mood and personality
73
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

A

short intense pain on trigeminal nerve

  • neuropathic pain with no stimulus
  • intense pain on one side of face
74
Q

bell’s palsy

A

paralysis of facial nerve

  • unilateral paralysis of facial nerve
  • 80% of patients recover
75
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

problem with ACH

  • gradua weakness
  • eyes or throat weakness
  • weakness of voluntary muscles
  • improves with rest or anti cholinesterase drugs
  • ACH receptor sites destroyed - fewer muscle contractions
  • occlar, swallowing, skeletal muscle
76
Q

guillain barre syndrom

A

demyelination of nerves of PNS

  • recover
  • deep tendon reflexes absent, weakness and paresthesia
  • starts in feet and works its way up the body
77
Q

mcburney’s point

A

appendix

78
Q

pouparts ligament

A

hernias

79
Q

RUQ

A 
liver
gallbladder
duodenium
head of pancreas
right kidney and adrenal
80
Q

LUQ

A 
stomach
spleen
left lobe liver
body of pancreas
left kidney
81
Q

RLQ

A 
cecum
appendix
right ovary
right ureter
right spermatic cord
82
Q

LLQ

A 
descending colon
sigmoid colon
left ovary
left ureter
lef spermatic cord
83
Q

midline

A

aorta
uterus
bladder

84
Q

Anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite for food

85
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

86
Q

Pyrosis-

A

heartburn

87
Q

Eructation

A

belching/burping

88
Q

Melena-

A

dark stool containing partially digested blood

89
Q

Pica

A

eating nonfood substances (paper, sand, etc.)

90
Q

Ascites-

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

91
Q

Hernia

A

bulge or protrusion of an organ through the structure or muscle that usually contains it

92
Q

incontinence

A

leak urine

93
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

94
Q

before abdominal exam always ask

A

are (could you be) you pregnant

95
Q

causes of nausea and vomiting

A

headache, viral infection, heart attack, severe pain, pregnancy

motion sickness, alcohol poisoning, food poisoning, medication

96
Q

jaundice

A 
bilirubin in baby
adults - blocked bile duct, 
hepatitis
cirrhosis of liver
hep a - goes away
hep b - vaccination
97
Q

abdominal health assess

A

inspect
auscultate
palpate
percuss

98
Q

auscultate

A 
listen for 5 minutes before you determine no bowel sounds
- start in RLQ = illiosacal junctuons
- listen to vascular sounds with bell
- venous hum - hepatoic portal system
- bruie - abdominal anyeurism
renal artery
99
Q

palpate

A

lay flat with knees up to relax ab muscles

100
Q

percussion and common tests

A

typany
ullnes over liver or fill bladder
pain tests: rebound tenderness, mcburney’s test (appendicitis), obturator muscle test (move leg up, appendix of pelvic absess)

101
Q

ascites

A

shifting dullness - gravity

fluid wave - hands n both sides of abdomen and feel fluid move side to side

102
Q

gerd

A

flow of gastric secretions up into esophogus

- hearburn, regurgitation, dysphaga

103
Q

hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of stomach through esophageal hiatus or diaphgragm

  • muscle weakness is primary factor - pregnancy, obesity, ascites
  • hearburn, regurgitation, dysphagia
104
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

lower end of esophagus, stomach or duodenum

- caused by stress, medications (asprin, nasals,)

105
Q

crohn’s disease

A

chronic inflame of bowel disease

  • can affect mouth to anus, common in iliac and colon
  • ulcerated fistulas, fissures and abscesses
  • cramping, diarrhea, nausesa, fever, chills, weakness, anorexia and weight loss
106
Q

ulceratve colitis

A

chronic IBD starts in recturm and progress through large intestine

  • may progress to colon cancer
  • severe abdominal pain,fever, chills, anemia, weight loss
  • watery diarrhea of blood, mucus and pus
107
Q

Ulcerative clolitis vs chrones

A

chrones = areas of ischemia and dead tissue

ulcerative - large areas of inflammation

108
Q

diverticulitisis

A

inflammation of diverticula, herniations through muscular wall in colon

  • presence of fecal material through thin-awl;ed diverticula causes inflame nd acscesses
  • cramping in LLQ, nausea, vomiting, altered bowel habits, usually constipation
  • distended abdomen, tympanic, decreed bowel sounds and local tenderness
109
Q

viral hepatits

A

inflammation of liver from viruses

  • anorexia, vague abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, malaise, fever
  • enlarged liver, spleen
  • jaundice, stools appear clay colored, urine is dark amber
110
Q

cirrhosis

A

degenerative liver disease, causes include viral hep, bilary obstruction, alcohol abuse

  • liver becomes palpable and hard, ascites, jaundice, cutaneaou spider angiomas, dark urine, clay colored solos
  • end stage is hepatic encephalopathy and coma
111
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflamm of gallbladder with gall stones (cholelithiasis)

  • bike duct becomes obstructed either by edema or inflamm or gall stones
  • RUQ colicky pain may radiate to mid torso or right scapula
  • indigestion and mile jaundice
112
Q

pancreatitis

A

acute or chronic inflame from autodigestions

  • digestive flow of enzymes into duodenum obstructed. digestive enzymes start to act on pancreas itself
  • pain, stady, boring, dull or sharp, radiates from epigastrum to back
  • nausea and vomiting, weight loss, steatorrhea, glucose intolerance
113
Q

urinary tract infection

A

urinary bladder, urethra, renal pelvis

  • result from gram negative bacteria
  • frequency, urgency, dysuria
  • flank pain, dysuria, nocturia, frequency
114
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

formation of stones in kidney pelvis

  • stones made of calcium salts, uric acid, cystine, stuvite
  • alkaline urine forms sones
  • fever, hematuria, flank pain may radiate to groin and genitals
115
Q

ab health history

A

We covered most of this in class – a few important highlights are below
See vocabulary associated with abnormal findings
Note questions about drinking – and long term effects on the liver (cirrhosis)
& smoking - ↑ risk of cancers of mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, colon, rectum
Also Smoking contributes to many common disorders of the digestive system, such as heartburn and GERD, peptic ulcers, and some liver diseases. Smoking increases the risk of Crohn’s disease, colon polyps, and pancreatitis, and it may increase the risk of gallstones.

116
Q

changes in Bowel Habits

A

May be related to new foods or change in diet, but may also indicate a pathologic condition like:
Steatorrhea – presence of fat in the stool – may be r/t malabsorptive syndrome, cystic fribrosis, IBD, removal of the gall bladder and others
Liver Disease like Hepatitis – may see dark urine and very light (white or grey) feces
Blood in the stool -
Frank, bright red blood = lower GI bleed, hemorrhoids, anal fissures
Dark Tarry stools (from digested blood) = upper GI issue, bleeding peptic ulcer, etc

117
Q

Questions about problems with urination

A

Remember how a UTI may present differently depending on age
Considered what a decrease in urinary output might mean – heart failure? Kidney failure? Dehydration?
With heart and kidney failure, ↓ in urine output means ↑in water retention (and dependent edema)

Physical Exam

118
Q

ab physical exam

A

IAPP – auscultation is done BEFORE palpation or percussion
Inspection
Note surface characteristics and appearance of skin and contour of abdomen. Note presence of striae (stretch marks), scars, lesions, lumps, bumps, etx

Auscultation
Listening for bowel sounds - DIAPHRAGM
Usually start in RLQ – sounds usu most active at ileocecal junction
Touch/auscultate painful area LAST
Listen 3-4 places in each quad – must listen 5 full minutes before reporting NO BS
Note absent, hypoactive, Normoactive, or hyperactive BS
Know the term borborygmus (pleural borborygmi)
Listening for vascular sounds = BELL
See text and ppt for locations of sounds
Listen for bruit over descending aorta, R&L renal arteries, R&L Iliac arteries, R&L femoral arteries.
Listen for venous hum near umbilicus (may indicate portal hypertension) - Venous hum is continuous, softer and lower pitched than bruit.

119
Q

ab Palpation – LIGHT ONLY

A

Deep palpation can be painful to patients (some tests purposely elicit pain), additionally, you run the risk of rupturing an enlarged spleen, so deep palpation is typically only performed by advanced practitioners (NPs, PAs, MDs).
Lightly palpate for lumps, bumps, muscle tone, pain.
Note: some people are very ticklish and as a result consciously or unconsciously tighten their abdominal muscles and resist palpation. Two hints for helping with this exam
Ask the patient to bend the knees and place his or her feet on the bed like this:
(the helps the abdominal muscles relax more than when the legs are straight)

Take the patient’s hands and place yours on top of his or hers. The place the patient’s fingers in between your fingers and use both your hand and the patients hand to do the palpation.

120
Q

ab percussion

A

Use same pattern as auscultation.
Normal tone over most of the abdomen is TYMPANY.
You may hear a dull sound over organs (liver, spleen, etc) and over a full bladder (it is commonly helpful to offer your pt the opportunity to empty the bladder before the exam)

Percussion for CVA tenderness – this tests for kidney inflammation (pyelonephrosis)
It is a part of the abdominal exam, and should be documented as such, but it is usually done after IPPA of the back (with resp system) before moving to the thorax

121
Q

ascites tests

A

2 tests for Ascites
Shifting Dullness – watch this video and see text & ppt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTUUQSe0-MA

Fluid wave test – watch this video and see text & ppt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkq5Ld1vuAQ

122
Q

Tests for Appendicitis & Abdominal Inflammation

A

Rebound Tenderness test - watch this video and see text & ppt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mfiGIDJfnM

McBurney’s Sign – pain at McBurney’s Point - watch this video and see text & ppt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOQTkz57u2I

Iliopsoas Muscle Test - watch this video and see text & ppt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YxHpmWmm_U

Obturator Muscle Test - watch this video and see text & ppt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTtgD6RpOiI

123
Q

GERD

A

caused by weakness of cardiac sphinter r/t smoking or ↑pressure from stomach contents/gas/pregnancy.
Acid from stomach moves into esophagus and burns it.
See slides and text for expected findings with this condition

124
Q

PUD –

A

May be related to H. Pylori infection, may also be exacerbated by corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and ASA

a) Gastric Ulcer – in the stomach – pain usually 1-2 hours after easting
b) Duodenal Ulcer – pain usually 3-4 hours after eating
125
Q

IBD

A

inflammation of the intestinal tract, may cause severe, debilitating pain, diarrhea – may hear increased BS

a) Crohn’s -   multiple lesions in different locations in digestive tract
b) UC – continuous lesion in digestive tract
126
Q

Diverticulitis

A

inflammation of little herniations through the muscular wall of the colon. Associated with cramping, N&V, and constipation. Expect decreased bowl sounds

127
Q

Viral Heptitis

A

inflammation/infection of the liver (types A, B, C, D, E)
“A” commonly comes from infected food – (by food workers, etc) – especially uncooked foods like shellfish. More commonly acquired when traveling abroad.
“B” associated with blood and body fluids. A series of 3 vaccinations is required to prevent this.
S/S: severe malaise/exhaustion, jaundice, anorexia, N&V, abdominal pain. Light/grey stools & dark urine

128
Q

Cirrhosis –

A

degenerative liver disease, “hardening” of the liver so it cannot function properly. Ascites, jaundice, light colored stools. With end stage disease, may see confusion & hepatic encephalopathy.

129
Q

Cholecystitis –

A

nflammation of the gallbladder. May be r/t cholelithiasis - gall stones. (see text and slides – where would you expect pain). Also what is colickly pain?

130
Q

Pancreatitis –

A

may be cause by obstruction of pancreatic ducts which causes autodigestion. May be related to alcoholism or gall stones or a genetic disorder. See ppt and text for expected findings.

131
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Kidney stones. Severe pain (flank pain) & CVA tenderness. May present with fever and hematuria

Health Assessment (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions