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A Boards Review > Musculoskeletal- Gait > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal- Gait Flashcards

1
Q

What phase of gait makes up 60% of the gait cycle?

A

Stance phase

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2
Q

What phase of gait makes up 40% of the gait cycle?

A

Swing phase

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3
Q

According to standard terminology, What component of gait occurs at the instant the heel touches the ground to begin stance phase?

A

Heel strike

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4
Q

According to standard terminology, What component of gait occurs at the point the entire foot makes contact with the ground and should occur directly after heel strike?

A

Foot flat

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5
Q

According to standard terminology, What component of gait occurs at the point during stance phase when the entire body weight is directly over the stance limb?

A

Midstance

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6
Q

According to standard terminology, What component of gait occurs at the point in which the heel of the stance limb leaves the ground?

A

Heel off

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7
Q

According to standard terminology, What component of gait occurs at the point in which only the toe of the stance limb remains on the ground?

A

Toe off

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8
Q

According to standard terminology, What component of gait occurs when toe off is complete and the reference limb swings until positioned directly under the body?

A

Acceleration

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9
Q

According to standard terminology, What component of gait occurs at the point when the swing limb is directly under the body?

A

Midswing

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10
Q

According to standard terminology, What component of gait occurs directly after midswing as the swing limb begins to extend and ends just prior to heel strike?

A

Deceleration

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11
Q

What are the components of the stance phase of gait according to standard terminology?

A

Heel strike, Foot flat, Midstance, Heel off, Toe off

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12
Q

What are the components of the swing phase of gait according to standard terminology?

A

Acceleration, Midswing, Deceleration

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13
Q

What at the components of the stance phase of gait according to Rancho Los Amigos terminology?

A

Initial contact, Loading response, Midstance, Terminal stance, Pre-swing

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14
Q

What are the components of the swing phase of gait according to Rancho Los Amigos terminology?

A

Initial swing, Midswing, Terminal swing

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15
Q

According to Rancho Los Amigos terminology, What component of gait is the beginning of the stance phase that occurs when the foot touches the ground?

A

Initial contact

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16
Q

According to Rancho Los Amigos terminology, What component of gait corresponds to the amount of time between initial contact and the beginning of the swing phase for the other leg?

A

Loading response

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17
Q

According to Rancho Los Amigos terminology, What component of gait corresponds to the point in stance phase when the other foot is off the floor until the body is directly over the stance limb?

A

Midstance

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18
Q

According to Rancho Los Amigos terminology, What component of gait begins when the heel of the stance limb rises and ends when the other foot touches the ground?

A

Terminal stance

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19
Q

According to Rancho Los Amigos terminology, What component of gait begins when the other foot touches the ground and ends when the stance foot reaches toe off?

A

Pre-swing

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20
Q

According to Rancho Los Amigos terminology, What component of gait begins when the stance foot lifts from the floor and ends with maximal knee flexion during swing?

A

Initial swing

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21
Q

According to Rancho Los Amigos terminology, What component of gait begins with maximal knee flexion during swing and ends when the tibia is perpendicular with the ground?

A

Midswing

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22
Q

According to Rancho Los Amigos terminology, What component of gait begins when the tibia is perpendicular to the floor and ends when the foot touches the ground?

A

Terminal swing

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23
Q

When is the the tibial anterior in peak muscle activation during gait?

A

just after heel strike (responsible for eccentric lowering of the foot into plantarflexion)

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24
Q

When is the gastroc-soleus group in peak muscle activation during gait?

A

late stance phase (responsible for concentric raising of the heel during toe off)

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25
Q

When is the quadriceps group in peak muscle activation during gait?

A

two periods: single support and early stance, just before toe off to initiate swing phase

26
Q

When is the hamstrings group in peak muscle activation during gait?

A

late swing phase (responsible for decelerating the unsupported limb)

27
Q

What is the hip flexion ROM necessary for gait?

A

0-30 degrees

28
Q

What is the hip extension ROM necessary for gait?

A

0-10 degrees

29
Q

What is the knee flexion ROM necessary for gait?

A

0-60 degrees

30
Q

What is the knee extension ROM necessary for gait?

A

0 degrees

31
Q

What is the ankle dorsiflexion ROM necessary for gait?

A

0-10 degrees

32
Q

What is the ankle plantarflexion ROM necessary for gait?

A

0-20 degrees

33
Q

What is the distance measured between the left and right foot during progression of gait? The distance decreases as cadence increases.

A

Base of Support

34
Q

What is the average base of support for an adult?

A

2-4 inches

35
Q

What is the number of steps an individual will walk over a period of time?

A

Cadence

36
Q

What is the average cadence for an adult?

A

110-120 steps per minute

37
Q

What is the angle formed by each foot’s line of progression and a ling intersecting the center of the heel and second toe?

A

Degree of toe-out

38
Q

What is the average degree of toe out for an adult?

A

7 degrees

39
Q

What is the two times during a gait cycle where both feet are on the ground? This increases as the speed of gait decreases.

A

Double support phase

40
Q

What phase does not exist during running?

A

Double support phase

41
Q

What is the average pelvic rotation during gait for an adult?

A

8 degrees

42
Q

What is the distance measured between right heel strike and left heel strike?

A

Step length?

43
Q

What is the average step length in an adult?

A

28 inches

44
Q

What is the distance measured between right heel strike and the following right heel strike?

A

Stride length?

45
Q

What is the average stride length for an adult?

A

56 inches

46
Q

What is a protective gait pattern where the involved step length is decreased in order to avoid weight bearing on the involved side usually secondary to pain?

A

Antalgic

47
Q

What is a gait pattern characterized by staggering and unsteadiness, usually with a wide base of support and exaggerated movements?

A

Ataxic

48
Q

What is a staggering gait pattern seen in cerebellar disease?

A

Cerebellar

49
Q

What is a gait pattern characterized by a circular motion to advance the leg during swing phase; this may be used to compensate for insufficient hip or knee flexion or ankle dorsiflexion?

A

Circumduction

50
Q

What is a gait pattern in which alternate steps are of a different length or at a different rate?

A

Double step

51
Q

What is a gait pattern characterized by high steps; usually involving excessive activity of the gastrocnemius?

A

Equine

52
Q

What is a gait pattern where a patient walks on toes as though pushed, starting slowly, increasing, and may continue until the patient grasps an object in order to stop?

A

Festinating

53
Q

What is a gait pattern in which patients abduct the paralyzed limb, swing it around, and bring it forward so the foot comes to the ground in front of them?

A

Hemiplegic

54
Q

What is a gait pattern marked by increased forward flexion of the trunk and knees, gait is shuffling with quick and small steps, and festinating may occur?

A

Parkinsonian

55
Q

What is a gait pattern in which the legs cross midline upon advancement?

A

Scissor

56
Q

What is a gait pattern with stiff movement, toes seeming to catch and drag, legs held together, and hip and knee joints slightly flexed, commonly seen in spastic paraplegia?

A

Spastic

57
Q

What is a gait pattern in which the feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive heights; usually secondary to dorsiflexor weakness, with the foot slapping at initial contact and with the ground secondary to decreased control?

A

Steppage

58
Q

What is a gait pattern with high stepping ataxic gait in which the feet slap the ground?

A

Tabetic

59
Q

What is a gait pattern that denotes gluteus medius weakness with excessive lateral trunk flexion and weight shifting over the stance leg?

A

Trendelenburg

60
Q

What is a gait pattern where the swing leg advances by compensating through the combination of elevation of the pelvis and plantarflexion of the stance leg?

A

Vaulting

A Boards Review (59 decks)

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