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Doctoring > Musculoskeletal exam > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are articular structures?

A
  1. Joint capsule
  2. Articular cartilage
  3. Synovium and fluid
  4. Intra-articular ligaments
  5. Juxta-articular bones
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2
Q

What are extra-articular structures?

A
  1. Periarticular ligaments
  2. Tendons
  3. Bursae
  4. Muscle
  5. Fascia
  6. Bone
  7. Nerve
  8. Overlying skin
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3
Q

What are bursae?

A

Pouches of synovial fluid that cushion tendons from other structures

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4
Q

What types of joints are there?

A
  1. Synovial (movable; knee)
  2. Cartilaginous (slightly movable; intervertebral)
  3. Fribrous (immovable; skull)
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5
Q

What are the types of synovial joints?

A
  1. Spheroidal
  2. Hinge
  3. Condylar
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6
Q

What are spheroidal joints?

A

Wide range of movement; ball and socket

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7
Q

What are hinge joints?

A

Allow motion in a single plain

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8
Q

What are condylar joints?

A

Like spheroidal but not ball and socket; uses condyles instead

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9
Q

What are the steps for examining joints?

A
  1. Symmetry, alignment, deformities, swelling
  2. Skin changes, nodules, muscular atrophy, tenderness
  3. Range of motion, function, stability
  4. Inflammation
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10
Q

What are the two parts of the shoulder?

A

Shoulder girdle: 1. dynamic stabilizers 2. static stabilizers

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11
Q

What are the dynamic stabilizers of the shoulder?

A

Rotator cuff muscles

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12
Q

What are the static stabilizers of the shoulder?

A

Bony structures: 1. labrum 2. articular capsule 3. glenohumeral ligaments

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13
Q

What are 3 joints of the shoulder?

A
  1. Glenohumeral
  2. Sternoclavicular
  3. Acromioclavicular
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14
Q

How to conduct a shoulder inspection?

A
  1. Inspect anteriorly and posteriorly for atrophy for swelling, deformity, atrophy, fasciculations (twitch)
  2. Palpate: 1. sternoclavicular joint 2. acromioclavicular joint 3. coracoid process 4. greater tubercle of humerus
  3. Examine range of motion (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation)
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15
Q

What are 3 wrist joints?

A
  1. Radiocarpal
  2. Distal radioulnar
  3. Intercarpal
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16
Q

What are 3 hand joints?

A
  1. Metacarpophalangeal
  2. Proximal interphalangeal
  3. Distal interphalangeal
17
Q

How to conduct a hand and wrist inspection?

A
  1. Examine: joints (swelling or deformity), thenar and hypothenar eminence wasting; thickening of flexor tendons or flexion contractures (rigidity)
  2. Palpate for tenderness: radius, ulna, wrist joint grooves, radial styloid in snuff box, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, joints
  3. Check range of motion of digits, thumb, and wrist
18
Q

What are flexion contractures?

A

Rigidity and shortening of flexion tendons, causing rigidity and permanent semiflexion at joints of hand

19
Q

What are habardon and bouchard nodes?

A

Indicative of osteoarthritis
Habardon: distal IP joint swelling
Bouchard: Proximal IP joint swelling

20
Q

How to conduct a hip inspection?

A

Check range of motion

21
Q

How to check for hip flexion?

A
  1. With patient supine, place your hand under lumbar spine

2. Ask patient to flex their knee to their chest and pull it firmly against the abdomen

22
Q

How to check for hip extension?

A
  1. With patient prone, extend their thigh toward you
23
Q

How to check for hip abduction?

A
  1. Stabilize pelvis by pushing down on the opposite hip

2. Grasp ankle and abduct their leg until you feel the iliac spine move

24
Q

How to check for hip adduction?

A
  1. Stabilize the pelvis

2. Move the leg medially over the opposite extremity

25
Q

How to check hip for internal and external rotation?

A
  1. Flex lower limb at 90* at hip and knee
  2. Stabilize thigh with one hand
  3. Grasp ankle and swing leg medially (for external) and laterally (for internal)
26
Q

How to conduct knee exam?

A
  1. Assess for swelling, inflammation, assymetry
  2. Palpate above knee downward to check for fluid (you’re essentially pushing fluid down)
  3. Test range of motion
  4. Test knee integrity (stability) (ligaments)

Doctoring (2 decks)

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