Musculoskeletal Diseases

Question 1

Is this normal in a growing dog?

Answer 1

Yes, the cut-back zone often as irregular edges.

Ask yourself, is this normal for the age of the dog?

Question 2

What are the 6 Roentgen Signs when reading a radiograph?

Answer 2

Size

Shape

Margin

Opacity

Number

Location

Question 3

Name 6 ddx for increased soft tissue opacity in a joint capsule.

Answer 3

Effusion

Septic arthritis

Synovial proliferation

Arthritis

Haemarthrosis

Mass

Iatrogenic

Question 4

What 3 decisions need to be made when evaluating bone lesions?

Answer 4

1. Is it an aggressive or benign process?
2. Is it active? (hazy or sharp)
3. Age or chronicity? (Current or prior)

Question 5

What are 5 factors that lesions agressiveness is based on?

Answer 5

Evidence of destruction of the bone or cortex

Type of lysis or bone loss

Type of production present

Lesion Margins - Shape and Definition

Transition zone

Rate of change with time.

Question 6

What characteristics of a bone’s margins determine whether it is active or inactive?

Answer 6

1. Active lesion = poorly, hazy defined margins.
2. Old, inactive lesions = sharp, well-defined margins.

Question 7

At what phase of respiration is the best time to take the radiograph? Why?

Answer 7

End of expiration. The abdomin is stillest for the longest.

Question 8

What preparation is requried for taking abdominal radiographs?

Answer 8

Fasting 12 hours

Toilet or endema if necessary (pic)

Sedation or GA

Don’t hold patient

Question 9

How should a lateral abdominal radiograph be taken? (5 points)

Answer 9

• Diaphragm cranially included
• Pelvic inlet caudally included
• Legs not superimposed over caudal abdomen
• Not rotated
  
  • transverse process superimposed
  • iliac wings and coxofemoral joints superimposed
• Adequate exposure and contrast

Question 10

What are the 3 changes seen in subchondral bone?

Answer 10

1. Sclerosis
2. SCB loss
3. SCB cysts

Question 11

Name the 3 types of bone lysis from least to most agressive.

Answer 11

1. Geographic Lysis
2. Moth Eaten Lysis
3. Permeative Lysis.

Question 12

What type of lysis is this?

Answer 12

Benign Geographic Lysis

1. Single or multiple adjacent large areas of radiolucency.
2. Lesion Margins -

• sharp to slightly hazy
• smooth to slightly irregular

3. Bone at lesion margin - sclerotic short distance
4. Adjacent bone normal
5. Cortex normal, expanded or thinned
6. No evidence of cortical destruction
7. Secondary pathogological fractures may be present.

Question 13

What are the Rad Dx for Geographic Bone Lysis ?

Answer 13

Benign or non-aggressive lytic lesion.

Question 14

What is the DDx for Geographic Lysis?

Answer 14

Bone cyst

Abscess

Bacterial osteomyelitis

Question 15

What kind of lysis is this?

Answer 15

Moth Eaten Lysis