Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DM II > Musculoskeletal Disease > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

53 y/o postal worker presents with lower back pain. on exam he has decreased pinprick on the left lateral thigh and web of his left big toe. this indicates discogenic disease in the dermatomal pattern of which area?

A

L4/L5 (L5 root involvement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

C5 myotome innervates _

A

shoulder abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when wrist and finger extension causes pain over the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon, when lifting with wrist extended and elbow extended, you would expect _

A

tennis elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

to aid in diagnosis of meniscus damage, which test would you perform?

A

McMurray test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sprain

A

injury to ligaments that attach to bones in a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tx of osteoarthritis

A

acetaminophen, NSAIDS
exercise!
glucosamine and chondroitin for moderate to severe OA
corticosteroid injections for short term relief (4-8 weeks)
hyaluronic injections - longer relief but more $$
total joint replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cortical bone

A

dense, concentric layers around a vascular supply
found in diaphysis of long bones
80% of human skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cancellous or trabecular bone

A

found at end of cortical bone
spongy, porous
found in vertebrae, ribs, plvis and ends of long bones covered by Periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

articular structures include

A

joint capsule and articular cartilage, synovium and synovial fluid, intra-articular ligmanets and juxta-articular bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

extra-articular structures include _

A

periarticular ligaments, tendons, bursae, muscle, fascia, bone, nerve, and overlying skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ligaments

A

ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils that connect bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tendons

A

collage fibers connecting muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cartilage

A

collagen matrix overlying bony surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bursae

A

pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendons and muscles over bone or other joint structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

synovial joint

A 
freely moveable, 
bones are covered by articular cartilage
bones are separated by synovial cavity
synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid that lubricates joint movment
IE ::: shoulder & knee
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

joint is slightly moveable
bones separated by fibrocartilaginous discs
discs contain nucleus pulposus that cushions bony movement
ie: vertebral bodies of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

fibrous joint

A

no appreciable mvmt
bones separated by fibrous tissue or cartilage
ie: sutures of skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SYNOVIAL JOINTS

A

spheroidal (ball & socket)
hinge
condylar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

spheroidal joints (ball and socket)

A

wide ranging
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction
hip && shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hinge joint

A

motion in one plane
extension & flexion
interphalangeal joints of hand and foot, ELBOW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

condylar joint

A

movement of 2 articulating surfaces, not dissociable

knee, TMJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sprain

A

tearing ligaments that bid the joint as joint is forced beyond it’s normal ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

strain

A

overstretching or overusing muscles, tear in tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

dislocation

A

bone is displaced t the joint, causing articlating surfaces of bone to detach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

grade i sprain

A

microscopic tear of ligament due to overstretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

grade ii sprain

A

incomplete tear with some functional impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

grade iii sprain

A

full or complete loss of integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

avulsion

A

ligament pulls away from bone, bringing bone fractures with it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

fracture

A

may occur due to neoplasm, trauma, or incresed stress on bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

closed fracture

A

don’t underestimate the associated soft tissue injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

open fracture considerations

A 
soft tissue damage
blood supply
infection
emboli
age/nutrition/anemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

dermatome C5

A

area over shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

dermatome C6

A

thumb and part of forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

dermatome C7

A

middle finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

dermatome C8

A

smallest fingers and part of forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

dermatome L4

A

thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

dermatome L5

A

medial part of calf and foot, big toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

dermatome S1

A

lateral part of calf and foot, smaller toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

myotome C5

A

deltoid muscle

abduction of arm at shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

myotome C6

A

biceps

flexion of arm at elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

myotome C7

A

triceps

extension of arm at elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

myotome C8

A

small muscles of the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

myotome L4

A

quadriceps (extension of leg at the knee)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

myotome L5

A

tibialis anterior

upward flexion of the foot at the ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

myotome S1

A

gastrocnemius muscle

downward flexion of foot at the ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

reflex C5

A

flexion at elbow, biceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

reflex C6

A

flexion at elbow, brachioradialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

reflex C7

A

extension at the elbow, triceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

reflex C8

A

finger flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

reflex L4

A

knee reflex, quadriceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

reflex L5

A

no reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

reflex S1

A

ankle reflex, gastrocnemius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

bursitis

A

bursae = fluid filled sacs thru/o body that decrease friction over bony prominences
bursitis caused by trauma or overuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

subjective questions re: joints

A

pain
stiffness
swelling, heat, redness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

subj questions re: muscles

A

cramps

weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

subj questions re: bones

A

pain
deformity
trauma (fractures, sprains, dislocations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

assessing joint pain

A

ask patient to point to the pain
clarify “mechanism of injury” esp if it was trauma

local v diffuse
acute v chronic
traumatic v atraumatic
inflamm v noninflamm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

MS exam (inspection)

A

Inspection SEADS

  • Swelling
  • Erythema
  • Atrophy
  • Deformity
  • Scars (surgical)

symmetry, color, skin changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

MS Exam principles

A

Palpation - tenderness /fluid
Range of Motion
Ausculation ( crepitus? injury-popping)
Neurovascular status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

joint examination

A

inspect/palpate for skin changes, nodules, muscle atrophy

asssess any degen or inflamm changes ie: swelling warmth, tenderness, redness

perform range of motion , use joint-specific maneuvers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

signs of inflammation /arthritis

A

Swelling
{- synovial membrane boggy or doughy
-effusion from excess syovial fluid
-soft tissue such as bursa tendons, tendon sheaths}

Warmth
Tenderness
Redness
Loss of Function
Deformity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

muscle strength

A

apply opposing force
grade 5 = normal
grade 3 - full ROM with gravity but not against resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

bone imaging

A

radiograph
CT scans
nuclear bone scan
PET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

muscle imaging

A

EMG

biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

joint imaging

A 
u/s
radiograph
MRI
examination of synovial fluid
arthroscopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

labs for systemic disease

A 
ESR -inflammation
CRP -inflammation
ANA -automimmune / *SLE
     anti-nuclear antibody
RF -rheumatoid factor
anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide CCP -also for RA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

vectra DA

A

12 biomarkers , single score to assess RA disease activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

joint pain w/ butterfly rash

A

lupus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

joint pain w/ scaly rash and pitted nails of psoriasis

A

psoriatic arthritis

71
Q

joint pain w/ papules, pusutules, or vesicles on reddened base found on distal extremities

A

gonococci arthritis

72
Q

joint pain w/ expanding erythematous patch

A

lyme

73
Q

joint pain w/ hives

A

serum sickness

74
Q

joint pain w/ erosion or scaling on the penis and crusted scaling papules on the soles and palms of the feet

A

Reiters syndrome

75
Q

joint pain w/ red burning itching eyes

A

Reiters syndrome

76
Q

joint pain w/ preceding sore throat

A

acute rheumatic fever

or gonococci arthritis

77
Q

joint pain w/ diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramping

A

arthritis w/ ulcerative colitis, scleroderma

78
Q

joint pain w/ mental status changes facial weakness, stiff neck

A

lyme with CNS involvement

79
Q

management of MSK injuries

A 
RICE
immobilization
NSAIDs
topical agents
narcotic analgesia
80
Q

emergency referrals

A

Neurovascular injury
fracture - open unstable
unreduced joint dislocation
septic arthritis

81
Q

urgent (w/in 7 days) referral

A

fracture closed & stable
after reduction of a joint dislocation
locked joint
tumor

82
Q

early (2-4 weeks) referral

A

motor weakness
constitutional symtoms
multiple joint involvement

83
Q

subacromial impingement syndrome aka rotator cuff tendinitis

A

shoulder pain with overhead motion
night pain with sleeping on shoulder
pain with internal rotation - hand behind small of back

84
Q

Hawkin’s Test

A

Elevate patient’s arm forward to 90 degrees while internally rotating the shoulder
+ Hawkins = subacromial impingement or rotator cuff tendinitis

85
Q

Neer’s impingement sign / “painful arc”

A

have pt fully pronate the arm and upwardly abduct
stabilize the scapula to prevent motion during the maneuver
+ neer’s = subacromial impingement between 70-120

86
Q

rotator cuff tears

A

injury from fall on outstretched arm or repeated impingement
usually after age 40
weakness, atrophy of suprasinatus adn infraspinatus muscles, pain, tenderness

87
Q

complete tear of supraspinatus tendon

A

active abduction and forward flexion - characteristic shrugging
and postive drop arm test

88
Q

drop arm test

A

fully abduct arm to shoulder level
lower it slowly
tap arm briskly
cannot hold or control = + for rotator cuff tear

89
Q

empty can test

A 
elevate arms to 90 degrees
internally rotate so thumbs point down
apply downward pressure
weakeness is + test
rotator cuff tear or impingment of supraspinatous tendons
90
Q

dislocated shoulder

A

shoulder instability - anterior dislocation of humerus
rounded lateral aspect of shoulder appear flattened
+ apprehension test
acute dislocation needs to be reduced ASAP

91
Q

apprehension test

A

shoulder is abducted 90 degrees and elbow is bent
attempt to externally rotate the shoulder
+ test = pt apprehensive
indicates glenohumeral instability

92
Q

labral tear

A

labrum is rim of cartilage that surrounds glenoid and supports humeral head
cartilage can be torn by a fall, dislocation , subluxation or repetitive trauma

clicking, grinding, weakness

*MRI test of choice

refer to orthopedic surgeon

93
Q

O’Brien’s test

A

arm extended with thumb rotated down -pain elicited with resisted motion
- labral tear !

94
Q

adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

A

FIBROSIS of glenohumeral joint capsule
diffusive dull aching pain
progressive restriction of active and passive range of motion
usually no localized tenderness
usually unilateral and occurs in people 50-70

95
Q

apley test

A

touch opposite scapula , both by reaching up (external rotation) and by reaching internally - placing hand behind lower back

96
Q

acromioclavicular arthritis

A

common
prior injury -> degenerative changes in the joint
tenderness localized to AC joint
pain with abduction

97
Q

cross arm test

A

for acromioclavicular arthritis
patient addcuts arm across chest
palpate and compare bilateral shoulders for swelling and tenderness

98
Q

shoulder pain imaging

A

radiographs
arm @ 30 degrees rotation AP view
outlet Y view
axillary view

MRI - most accurate

99
Q

shoulder pain tx

A 
RICE 
NSAIDS, acetaminophen
supervised rehab
corticosteroid injections
if it all fails --> surgery
100
Q

elbow exam

resisted flexion

A

C5-C6

101
Q

elbow exam

resisted extension

A

C7-C8

102
Q

elbow exam

resisted supination

A

C5-C6

& lateral epicondylitis

103
Q

elbow exam

resisted pronation

A

C6-C7

& medial epicondylitis

104
Q

lateral epicondylitis

A

TENNIS ELBOW
repetitive extension of wrist or pronation/supination of forearm
pain near lateral epicondyle
pain when patient tries to extend wrist against resistance
pain when lifting with palm down

105
Q

medial epicondylitis

A 
pitchers/golfers/little league elbow
reptitive wrist flexion
tenderness near medial epicondyle 
wrist flexion against resitance increases pain
pain when liftin with palm up
106
Q

radial head fracture

A

fall onto outstretched hand

pain with rotation

107
Q

ulnar neuritis

A

cubital tunnel syndrome

compression of ulnar nerve -parasthesia in nerve distribution

108
Q

olecranon bursitis

A

trauma, or rheumatoid or gouty arthritis
goose egg or redness
swelling superficial to olecranon process
local swelling, acutely painful

109
Q

tx for olecranon bursitis

A

r/o infection by aspiration
also fever, warmth etc signs of infection
infective bursitis most likely caused by staph aureus

tx: local heat, rest, NSAIDs, corticosteroid injection

110
Q

elbow arthritis

A

synovial inflammation or fluid
palpate for boggy , soft, swelling / tenderness
causes can be rheumatoid, gout, OA, trauma
pain stiffness / restricted mvmt

111
Q

rheumatoid nodules

A

subcutaneous nodules at pressure points along ulna - in RA or rheumatic fever
firm, nontender
may be attached to underlying periosteum
may develop in area of olecranon bursa, but often occur more distally

112
Q

wrist and hand exam

A

check range of motion of: wrist, fingers, and thumbs
check hand grip strength
test sensation of median, ulnar, and radial nerves

113
Q

trigger finger

A

painless nodule in flexor tendon in the palm
nodule is too big to enter into tendon sheath
finger extends and flexes with a palpable and audible snap as nodule pops into tendon sheath

114
Q

dupuytren’s contracture

A

benign fibrosing disorder
thickened plaque overlying flexor tendon of ring finger
skin in area puckers and thickened fibrotic cord develop
flexion contracture
can lead to limited function
surgical consult

115
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

commpression of median nerve as it traveels through carpal tunnel
pain, burning, numbness, tingling

116
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

tapping over median nerve produces numbness or tingling

117
Q

Phalen’s test

A

hold hands , backs of hands pressed together for 60 seconds - pain, tingling

118
Q

carpal tunnell features

A

common w/ pregnancy
pain of numbness of first three fingers but not in palm, WORSE AT NIGHT
loss of sensation
WEAK ABDUCTION OF THUMB

119
Q

ganglionic cyst

A

from capsule of a joint or tendon synovial sheath
joint fluid
translluminates & well circumscribed
dorsal wrist - accounting for 60-70%
asymptomatic - nerve compression - limitations in ROM

120
Q

tx for ganglionic cyst

A

simple aspiration
arthroscopic ganglion excision
don’t smash with book

121
Q

De Quervan’s Tenosynovitis

A

pain with palpation over the tendon sheath of the thumb
swelling may be present
numbness of thumb and index finger
more common in women- can occur 3-4 weeks after pregnancy

122
Q

Finklestein Test

A

make a fist with thumb encloses

flex wrist, tenderness along outer edge of the wrist

123
Q

tx of trigger finger

A 
rest , NSAIDS
splint PIP
thumb spica splint, 
corticosteroid injections
surgical release
124
Q

tx of tensynovitis

A

ice, NSAIDs, immobilization with gutter splint, cortisone injections

125
Q

tx of palmar fibrosis

A

any contracture greater than 30 degrees - hand surgeon referral

126
Q

tx of carpal tunnel

A

neutral wrist splints, NSAIDs, ice, OT, steroid injections, surgical intervention

127
Q

inspection of hip

A

2 phases of gait
swing and stance

inspect anterior and poteiro surfaes of hip for muscle atrophy or bruising

128
Q

femoral neck and intertrochanteric fracture

A

most common fractures
incidence increases with age (peak 70-80)
women 5x more likely than men
25-30% mortality in 1 year

129
Q

assessment of femoral neck / intertrochanteric fracture

A

Flexion Abduction External Rotation
(FABER or Patrick’s test)
internal rotation best diagnostic tool for intra-articular hip pathology
affected extremity shortened, externally rotated, and abducted

130
Q

tx of femoral neck / intertrochanteric fracture

A

pain meds
immobilize
surgery ASAP as most will result in aseptic necrosis

131
Q

complications of femoral neck / intertrochanteric fracture

A

ipsilateral pelvic and lower extremity fractures
sciatic nerve injry
arterial injury
embolism

132
Q

trochanteric bursitis

A

inflammation or degeneration of sac-like structures that protect soft tissues from underlying bony prominences
pain with movmenet and rest
swelling
localized tenderness over site of inflammation
corticosteroid injetion under fluoroscopy, US or CT guidance

133
Q

flexion deformity

A

excess lordosis

as opposite hip is flexed with thigh against chest, the affected hip does not allow full leg extension

134
Q

hip osteoarthritis

A

restricted abduction
restrictions of internal and external rotation
pain deep in groin
swelling
loss of active and passive ROM with severe OA

135
Q

hip pain diagnosticcs

A

x-ray
AP view of pelvis, froleg and AP views of hip
weight bearing films to assess for joint space narrowing and degen
MRI if avascular necrosis suspected
joint aspirate for C&S crystalline deposits and cell count

136
Q

hip pain tx

A

nsaids/ acetaminophen
topical agents
supplements
JOINT REPLACEMENT SURGERY IS EFFECTIVE AND COST-EFFECTIVE - IMPROVES FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS, PAIN, QOL

137
Q

knee pain - mechanical dysfunction

A

injury to menisci or ligaments
degenerative diseas: OA
fracture as a result of trauma

138
Q

knee pain - intra-articular inflammation

A

injury to menisci or ligaments
rheumatoid disease
acute monoarticular arthritis
Baker’s cyst

139
Q

peri-articular inflammation

A

injury to menisci or ligaments
prepatellar or anserine bursitis
knee sprain

140
Q

medial knee pain differentials

A

OA
MCL strain
medial meniscal injury
anserine bursitis

141
Q

anterior knee pain differentials

A

OA
prepatellera bursitis
septic arthritis
gout or other inflam disease

142
Q

lateral knee pain differentials

A

lateral meniscal injury

LCL sprain

143
Q

posterior knee pain differentials

A

popliteal or baker’s cyst
OA
meniscal tears
hamstring or calf tendinopathy

144
Q

knee effusion

A

can occur with intra-articular pathology such as OA, meniscus and cruciate ligament tears
acute swelling - hemarthroiss - w/in 2 hours may indicate ligament injury, patellar dislocation or fracture

145
Q

bulge sign

A

for knee effusion

146
Q

medial collateral ligaments

A

stabilize aginst valgus stress

147
Q

lateral collateral ligaments

A

stabilize against varus stress

148
Q

valgus stress

A

test for stability of MCL

149
Q

varus stress test

A

test for LCL stability

adduction or varus stress test

150
Q

cruciate ligaments

A

anterior ligaments prevent tibia from anterior mvmt

posterior cruciate ligaments prevent tibia from posteriro movemnt

151
Q

anterior cruciate ligament injury

A

audible pop when knee buckles
acute swelling w/in 2 hours
instability occurs with lateral movment activities and going down stairs

152
Q

Lachman Test

A

stability of ACL

forward excursion ACL tear

153
Q

anterior drawer test

A

stability of ACL

forward jerk = +

154
Q

posterior cruciate ligament injury

A

usually follows an anterior trauma to the tibia
knee may freely dislocate and reduce
1/3 of injuries involving PCL have neurovascular complications

155
Q

posterior drawer tests

A

PCL stabilitiy

isolated PCL tears are rare

156
Q

menisici

A

shock absorbers during weight bearing, protect articular cartilage
patient may or may not report an injury
joint line pain & pain with deep squatting
difficulty with extension suggests internal derangement - MRI and referral

157
Q

McMurray’s test!

A

test for meniscus

158
Q

knee OA

A

degeneration of joint cartilage
pain with bending or twisting activities
swelling
loss of active and passive ROM

tx
acetaminophen, NSAIDs, topicals,
viscosupplemntation, platelet rich plasma injections
joint replacement

159
Q

knee pain tx

A 
isolated 1st and 2nd degree sprains = RICE
unstable knee = brace
swelling = avoid weight bearing
weight loss
NSAIDs
topical agents
rehabilitation
cortisone injections
orthopedic surjery
160
Q

ankle pains

A

sprains, fractures

achilles tendon rupture

DVT - Homan’s sign

161
Q

foot pains

A

digital deformities
plantar fasciitis
fracure

162
Q

flat feet

A 
pes planus
medial border becomes convex 
sole touches floor
tenderness from medial malleolus down 
swelling may develop
163
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflamation of plantar fascia
40-60 and younger runners

obesity
prolonged standing or jumping
flat feet
reduced ankle dorsiflexion
heal spurs
164
Q

morton’s neuroma

A

women > men
high heels
bunions and claw toes

165
Q

inversion ankle sprain

A

localized pain and swelling
ligaments, tendons, bones
RICE

166
Q

eversion ankle sprain

A 
severe or prolonged pain
limited ROM
mild swelling
difficulty weight bearing
conservative tx with boot or cast for 4-6 weeks
167
Q

achilles tendinopathy

A

pain w/ or w/o swelling
runners
pain with exercise increases in severity with rest
pain in heel

168
Q

achilles tendon rupture

A 
middle aged athlete
misdiagnoses - calf muscle tear/strain
direct trauma to taut tendon vs forceful dorsiflexion with ankel relaxed
agonizing pain preceded by snap
weakness with push off
soft tissue gap
\+ Thompson's test (calf squeez)
tx: splint vs surgery
169
Q

Thompson’s test

A

achilles tendon rupture

plantar flexion

170
Q

osteochondritis dissecans

A 
small fragment of bone becomes avascular and necrotic
adolescents and young adults
male> females
knee and ankle
ortho surgeon
171
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A 
parasthesias to severe pain
diabets,inflamm, nutrition, toxicity
EMG to calssify 
tx: anti-eleptics
avoid toxins
analgesics
can lead to disuse and injury
neuro referral
pt and ot
172
Q

hallux valgus

A

great toe is abnoramlly abducted from first metatarsal

bursa may form at pressure point

173
Q

callus

A

if callus in painful, suspect an underlying plantar wart

174
Q

plantar wart

A

HPV!
common on the ball of the foot
tender to touch and painful with ambulation

DM II (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions