Musculoskeletal Development around the axial skeleton Flashcards
where does skeletal muscle arise from
paraxial mesoderm
where does cardiac muscle arise from
visceral (splanchnic) layer of lateral plate mesoderm
where does smooth (gut and derivatives) muscle arise from
visceral layer of LPM around the gut tube
where does smooth (blood and lymph vessels) come from
somatic layer of LPM and neural crest cells
where does smooth (sweat glands, pupil mm) come from
myoepithelial cells develop from ectoderm (not mesoderm)
where do the uninucleated cells that elongate to form spindle-shaped myoblasts come from and what was initiated by
from the lateral plate mesoderm and neural crest cells and initiated by serum response factor
what are sweat glands and intrinsic eye muscles derived from
ectoderm
what does the primary heart field develop into
atria, left ventricle and most of the right ventricle
where is the secondary heart field
in splanchnic mesodermal cells ventral to the pharynx on day 20-21
what are the transcription factors involved during cardiac muscle morphogenesis
PBX and Hand2
where do epaxial and hypaxial muscles come from
epaxial from dorsomedial myotome and hypaxial from ventrolateral myotome d
describe the transcription protein levels in order to get epaxial muscles
Wnt proteins from dorsal neural tube upregulate expression of Myf5 and there is low SHH
describe the transcription protein levels in order the get hypaxial muscles (and some epaxial)
epidermal Wnt expression and low BMP4 from lateral plate mesoderm regulate expression of MyoD
what are tendons derived from
sclerotome
what is the condition in which there is an absence of pectorals minor and part of pectorals major, causing the nipple and areola to be displaced or missing
poland sequence
what is the primary source for most of the skull
neural crest
what is the primary source for the appendicular skeleton
lateral plate mesoderm
what is the primary source for the axial skeleton (minus most of skull and sternum0
somites
what is the bone producing portion of the somite
sclerotome
what parts of the skull come from the neural crest
frontal, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxilla, incisive, mandible, sphenoid, sq. temp, hyoids
what parts of the skull come from paraxial mesoderm
parietal, occipitals, pet. temp
what part of the skull comes from the lateral plate mesoderm
laryngeals
what disorder occurs if there is a prematurely fused saggital suture
scaphocephaly
what disorder occurs if there is a prematurely fused me topic suture
trigonocephaly
what disorder occurs if there is a premature fusion of the corneal suture
plahiocephaly
list the order for the closure of the fontanelles
posterior, then frontal, then sphenoid, then mastoid, and then anterior
what do vertebrae and ribs form from
sclerotome
what does the sternum develop from
somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm in body walls
what is the disease known as a depressed sternum
pectus excavatum
what is the disease known as a protruding sternum
pectus carinatum
what are pectus excavatum and carinatum due to
defects in ventral body wall closure or formation of costal cartilages and sternum
what do intervertebral discs derive from
mesenchyme
