Musculoskeletal Development Flashcards
The nucleus polposus is derived from which of the following? A. Sclerotome B. Notochord C. Dermomyotome D. Epimere E. Ectoderm
B
Defective development of the epimere is most likely to affect which of the following muscles? A. Erector spinae B. Pronator teres C. Rectus femoris D. External oblique E. Internal intercostal
A
Lobster claw deformity is caused by absence of the 3rd digit with frequent fusion of the thumb/index finger and the 4th/5th digits. This condition can be known by which of the following terms? A. Phocomelia B. Polydactyly C. Ectrodactyly D. Amelia E. Micromelia
C
Although most smooth muscle and cardiac muscle is derived from splanchnic
mesoderm, the smooth muscle of the pupil is derived from:
A. Somites
B. Paraxial
C. Intermediate mesoderm
D. Neuroectoderm
E. Endoderm
D
Which of the following bones is derived from paraxial mesoderm? A. Parietal B. Mandible C. Frontal D. Sphenoid E. Maxilla
A
In which week do the limb buds first appear? A. Week 2 B. Week 5 C. Week 4 D. Week 3
C
Musculoskeletal development occurs within which of the following time frames? A. Between week 4 and week 8 B. Between week 3 and week 8 C. Between week 2 and week 7 D. Between week 3 and week 7
B
A 24-year-old man presents to the emergency room with a stress fracture of the
pars interarticularis on the 4th lumbar vertebra. What embryological cell population is
this vertebra derived from?
A. Neural crest cells
B. Intermediate mesoderm
C. Lateral plate mesoderm
D. Paraxial mesoderm
D
Pronator teres is primarily derived from which cell population? A. Dermatome B. Neural crest cells C. Epimere of the myotome D. Hypomere of the myotome E. Lateral plate mesoderm
D
A 31-year-old man is born with a rare congenital upper limb deformity affecting growth
along the proximodistal axis is seen in the image above. Which of the following morphogens
mediates normal limb patterning along this axis?
A. Sonic hedgehog
B. Bone morphogenic protein
C. Fibroblast growth factors
D.WNT7a
E. Noggin
C
