Musculoskeletal Development Flashcards
What does gastrulation do
produces the ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, and notochord
what is the ectoderm
epidermis and nervous system
what is the mesoderm
msuscle, bone, blood, urogenital
what is the endoderm
epithelial lining of gut
what is the notochord
central support structure
three sections of the mesoderm
paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm
what does the paraxial mesoderm produce
vertebrae, postcranial voluntary musculature, dermis
what does the intermediate mesoderm produce
urogenital system
what does the lateral plate mesoderm produce
appendicular skeleton and smooth muscle of gut
what does the paraxial mesoderm specialize into
segmentally arranged somites
whare does segmental arrangement of somites mean
somites are paired structures with one one either side of the notochord and are assicdiated with a specific spinal level and nerve
what does spinal level segmentation mean
what happens tot he somite happens to all structures associates with the somite
somites are divided into what primary structures
sclerotome and dermomyotome
what is the sclerotome destined to become
vertebrae
what is the dermomyotome destined to become
structures establishing the motor and sensory patters associated with the spinal cord
What are the parts of the dermomyotome
dermotome and myotome
describe the dermatome
becomes the dermis of the skin and establishes pattern association between skin sensation and spinal cord
describe the myotome
becomes voluntary musculature and establishes pattern association between muscle function and spinal cord
what are the two primary structures of myotomes
epimere and hypomere
what does the epimere become
the epaxial muscles assiciated with dorsal ramus of mixed spinal nerve
what does the hypomere become
the hypaxial muscles associated with the ventral ramus of the mixed spinal cord
when does upper limb development begin
day 24
when does lower limb development begin
day 26
when is limb development mostly completed
day 60
how do limbs form
emerge as bud off the parietal layer of the lateral plate mesoderm
upper limb myotomes
C5-T1
lower limb myotomes
L2-S3
upper limb dermatomes
C5-T1
lower limb dermatomes
L2-S3
