Musculoskeletal Conditions Flashcards
Bone cell term
Osteon
Organisation of compact/cortical bone
Few spaces
Provides protection, support and resists stresses produced by weight of movement
Repeated structural units ‘osteons’ - concentric ‘lamellae’ around a central ‘haversian canal’
Haversian canal
Contain blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
Lacunae
Small spaces containing osteocytes
Tiny canaliculi radiate from lacunae filled with extracellular fluid
Volksmans canal
Transverse perforating canals
Joint classifications
Fibrous
-sutures
-syndesmosis
-interosseous membrane
Cartilaginous
-synchondroses
-symphyses
Synovial
-plane
-hinge
-condyloid
-pivot
-saddle
-hall and socket
Types of joint disease
Osteoarthritis - degenerative
Inflammatory - main type is rheumatoid
ACL injury tests
Anterior drawer
Lachmanns
Septic arthritis symptoms
Pain
Joint swelling/stiffness
Fever
Sweat
Weight loss
Usually one joint affected
Septic arthritis cause
Bacterial infection of a joint
Septic arthritis diagnosis
Joint aspiration - send sample for urgent gram stain and culture
Septic arthritis treatment
Surgical washout and intravenous antibiotics
Structure of long bones
Periosteum - connective tissue covering
Outer cortex
Cancellous bone - spongy
Medullary cavity - contain yellow bone marrow
Nutrient artery
Articular cartilage
Components of synovial joint
Synovium - 1-3 cell deep lining, type I collagen
Synovial fluid - hyaluronic acid rich viscous fluid
Articular cartilage - type ii collagen
Cartilage composition
Specialised cells (chondrocytes)
Extracellular matrix (water, collagen and proteoglycans)
Avascular - no blood supply
