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Pharmacology 3 Exam ER > Musculoskeletal Assessment > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

function of cartilage

A

allows bones to slide over one another, reduces friction, prevents damages, absorbs shock.

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2
Q

function of tendons

A

connect muscles to bones

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3
Q

function of ligaments

A

connect bone to bone to stabilize joints and limit movements

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4
Q

function of bursae

A

fluid-filled sacs in areas of friction to cushion bones or ligaments that might rub against each other

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5
Q

function of meniscus

A

cartilage disc btwn bones to absorb shock and cushion joints

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6
Q

function of fascia

A

flat sheets that line and protect muscle fibers, attach muscle to bone, and provide structure for nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics

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7
Q

skeletal muscles

A

make up 40% - 50% of body weight. Skeletal muscles a voluntary. Muscles give the body shape and produce heat during movement

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8
Q

joint

A

is the area of articulation where 2 bones come together. The function of joints is to provide mobility to the skeleton.

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9
Q

fibrous (synarthrotic) joints

A

immovable joints, such as in the sutures in the skull

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10
Q

cartilaginous (amphiarthrotic) joints

A

joints that are slightly moveable, such as the costal cartilage btwn the sternum and ribs and the symphysis pubis

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11
Q

synovial (diathrotic) joints

A

joints that are freely moveable…the most common type, and named for their major type of movement

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12
Q

rotator cuff

A

four strong muscles and their tendons

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13
Q

flexion

A

decreases the angle between bones or brings bones together

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14
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bending the ankle so that the toes move toward the head

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15
Q

plantar flexion

A

moving the foot so that the toes move away from the head

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16
Q

extension

A

increases the angle to a straight line or zero degrees

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17
Q

hyperextension

A

extension beyond the neutral position

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18
Q

abduction

A

movement of a part AWAY from the center of the body

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19
Q

adduction

A

movement of a part toward the CENTER of the body…“ADD to the body.”

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20
Q

rotation

A

turning of the joint around a longitudinal axis

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21
Q

internal rotation

A

rotating an extremity medially along its axis

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22
Q

external rotation

A

rotating an extremity laterally along its axis

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23
Q

pronation

A

turning the forearm so the palm is down

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24
Q

supination

A

turning the forearm so the palm is up

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25
inversion
turning the sole of the foot inward
26
eversion
turning the sole of the foot outward
27
protraction
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
28
retraction
moving a body part backward and parallel
29
elevation
moving a body part upward
30
depression
moving a body part downward
31
opposition
moving the thumb to touch the little finger
32
radiocarpal joint
the articulation of the radius and a row of carpal bones...allows flexion, extension and deviation of the wrist.
33
midcarpal joint
the articulation btwn parallel rows of carpal bones. It allows flexion, extension, and some rotation.
34
metacarpophylangeal and intraphalangeal joints
permit finger movement
35
hip
joint is the articulation btwn the acetabulum and the head of the femur. This ball-and-socket jointpermits a wide ROM. Ligaments are the main source of stability in the hip. The hip has 3 large bursa.
36
knee
the articulation of the femur, tibia and patella
37
cruciate ligaments
ligament s that cross the knee to provide anterior and posterior stability and to control rotation
38
collateral ligaments
can be felt in the depressions on both sides of the patella connect the joint at both sides to give medial and lateral stability/dislocation
39
tibiotalar joint ...ANKLE
the articulation of the tibia, fibula and talus. This HINGE joint is limited to FLEXION and EXTENSION.
40
metatarsophalangeal and intrphalangeal joints
permit flexion, extension, and abduction of the toes.
41
spine
column of 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 3-4 coccygeal
42
lordosis
increased lumbar curvature; seen in pregnant women due to enlarging uterus
43
kyphosis
an exaggerated forward curvature of the spine; lifespan issue for the elderly.
44
subcutaneous fat in people over 80 yo
continues to decrease after the age of 80, making spiny prominences more obvious.
45
Safety Alert...
do not attempt to correct malalignment, b/c doing so can compound injury to muscle, nerves or blood vessel. IMMOBILIZATION is required.
46
subluxation
a partial dislocation of the shoulder from the weight of the arm after a stroke.
47
vertebral fractures
smoking increases the risk of vertebral fractures by 13% in women and 32% in men
48
scoliosis
the lateral curvature of the spine, usually affecting both the thoracic and lumbar parts, with a deviation in one direction in the thoracic and in the other direction in the lumbar spine. Develops in adolescence, ESPECIALLY IN GIRLS. Severe cases can interfere with the normal functioning of the organs w/in the chest.
49
scoliometer
a measurement device that measures the number of degrees that the spine is deviated.
50
bone density
Clinical Significance: bone deposition begins to decrease after 30 yo of age, especially in women. To prevent osteoporosis, everyone, particularly women, should perform weight bearing exercises in the preceding decades.
51
myalgia
pain in the muscle
52
arthralgia
pain in the bone or joint
53
contracture
shortening of tendons, fascia, or muscles . Once a contracture develops, it is difficult to stretch and may require surgery.
54
Safety Alert: SHOULDER PAIN
If a patient complains of shoulder pain, one must suspect a cardiac origin if the shoulder is absent of tenderness or inflammation. Assess for shortness of breath, nausea and diaphoresis.
55
Safety Alert: Muscle Strength
Do not test adduction or flexion greater than 90 degrees in anyone with a hip replacement. Doing so may cause dislocation.
56
Varus/Valgus
A part of a limb twisted toward or out from the midline is labeled. EX: Knock-kneed.
57
acromegaly
hormonal disorder that develop when the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during ADULTHOOD. bones increase in size, including those of the hands, feet and face.
58
AC joint
Joint at the top of the shoulder that is the junction between the acromion and the clavicle.
59
antalgic
counteracting or avoiding pain
60
apraxic
difficulty initiating or continuing walking
61
ataxia
neurological finding of gross lack of coordination of muscle movements
62
atrophy
wasting or shrinking of the muscle
63
bouchard's nodes
hard, nontender bony growths of gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joins. A sign of osteroarthritis.
64
crepitus
medical term to describe the grating, crackling, or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints
65
effusion
synovial thickening
66
glenohumeral joint
shoulder joint; it involves articulation btwn the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerous
67
goniometer
scale used for measuring the angle at which a joint can flex or extend
68
Herberden's nodes
hard, nontender bony growths on the distal intraphalangeal joint
69
myositis
inflammation of the muscles
70
spondylosis
spinal degeneration and deformity of the joints of two or more vertebrae. Commonly occurs with aging. Often, there is herniation of the nucleus pulposus of one or more intervertebral discs.

Pharmacology 3 Exam ER (2 decks)

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