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Pharmacology 3 Exam ER > Musculoskeletal Assessment > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

function of cartilage

A

allows bones to slide over one another, reduces friction, prevents damages, absorbs shock.

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2
Q

function of tendons

A

connect muscles to bones

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3
Q

function of ligaments

A

connect bone to bone to stabilize joints and limit movements

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4
Q

function of bursae

A

fluid-filled sacs in areas of friction to cushion bones or ligaments that might rub against each other

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5
Q

function of meniscus

A

cartilage disc btwn bones to absorb shock and cushion joints

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6
Q

function of fascia

A

flat sheets that line and protect muscle fibers, attach muscle to bone, and provide structure for nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics

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7
Q

skeletal muscles

A

make up 40% - 50% of body weight. Skeletal muscles a voluntary. Muscles give the body shape and produce heat during movement

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8
Q

joint

A

is the area of articulation where 2 bones come together. The function of joints is to provide mobility to the skeleton.

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9
Q

fibrous (synarthrotic) joints

A

immovable joints, such as in the sutures in the skull

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10
Q

cartilaginous (amphiarthrotic) joints

A

joints that are slightly moveable, such as the costal cartilage btwn the sternum and ribs and the symphysis pubis

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11
Q

synovial (diathrotic) joints

A

joints that are freely moveable…the most common type, and named for their major type of movement

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12
Q

rotator cuff

A

four strong muscles and their tendons

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13
Q

flexion

A

decreases the angle between bones or brings bones together

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14
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bending the ankle so that the toes move toward the head

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15
Q

plantar flexion

A

moving the foot so that the toes move away from the head

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16
Q

extension

A

increases the angle to a straight line or zero degrees

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17
Q

hyperextension

A

extension beyond the neutral position

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18
Q

abduction

A

movement of a part AWAY from the center of the body

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19
Q

adduction

A

movement of a part toward the CENTER of the body…“ADD to the body.”

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20
Q

rotation

A

turning of the joint around a longitudinal axis

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21
Q

internal rotation

A

rotating an extremity medially along its axis

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22
Q

external rotation

A

rotating an extremity laterally along its axis

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23
Q

pronation

A

turning the forearm so the palm is down

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24
Q

supination

A

turning the forearm so the palm is up

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25
Q

inversion

A

turning the sole of the foot inward

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26
Q

eversion

A

turning the sole of the foot outward

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27
Q

protraction

A

moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

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28
Q

retraction

A

moving a body part backward and parallel

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29
Q

elevation

A

moving a body part upward

30
Q

depression

A

moving a body part downward

31
Q

opposition

A

moving the thumb to touch the little finger

32
Q

radiocarpal joint

A

the articulation of the radius and a row of carpal bones…allows flexion, extension and deviation of the wrist.

33
Q

midcarpal joint

A

the articulation btwn parallel rows of carpal bones. It allows flexion, extension, and some rotation.

34
Q

metacarpophylangeal and intraphalangeal joints

A

permit finger movement

35
Q

hip

A

joint is the articulation btwn the acetabulum and the head of the femur. This ball-and-socket jointpermits a wide ROM. Ligaments are the main source of stability in the hip. The hip has 3 large bursa.

36
Q

knee

A

the articulation of the femur, tibia and patella

37
Q

cruciate ligaments

A

ligament s that cross the knee to provide anterior and posterior stability and to control rotation

38
Q

collateral ligaments

A

can be felt in the depressions on both sides of the patella connect the joint at both sides to give medial and lateral stability/dislocation

39
Q

tibiotalar joint …ANKLE

A

the articulation of the tibia, fibula and talus. This HINGE joint is limited to FLEXION and EXTENSION.

40
Q

metatarsophalangeal and intrphalangeal joints

A

permit flexion, extension, and abduction of the toes.

41
Q

spine

A

column of 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 3-4 coccygeal

42
Q

lordosis

A

increased lumbar curvature; seen in pregnant women due to enlarging uterus

43
Q

kyphosis

A

an exaggerated forward curvature of the spine; lifespan issue for the elderly.

44
Q

subcutaneous fat in people over 80 yo

A

continues to decrease after the age of 80, making spiny prominences more obvious.

45
Q

Safety Alert…

A

do not attempt to correct malalignment, b/c doing so can compound injury to muscle, nerves or blood vessel. IMMOBILIZATION is required.

46
Q

subluxation

A

a partial dislocation of the shoulder from the weight of the arm after a stroke.

47
Q

vertebral fractures

A

smoking increases the risk of vertebral fractures by 13% in women and 32% in men

48
Q

scoliosis

A

the lateral curvature of the spine, usually affecting both the thoracic and lumbar parts, with a deviation in one direction in the thoracic and in the other direction in the
lumbar spine. Develops in adolescence, ESPECIALLY IN GIRLS. Severe cases can interfere with the normal functioning of the organs w/in the chest.

49
Q

scoliometer

A

a measurement device that measures the number of degrees that the spine is deviated.

50
Q

bone density

A

Clinical Significance: bone deposition begins to decrease after 30 yo of age, especially in women. To prevent osteoporosis, everyone, particularly women, should perform weight bearing exercises in the preceding decades.

51
Q

myalgia

A

pain in the muscle

52
Q

arthralgia

A

pain in the bone or joint

53
Q

contracture

A

shortening of tendons, fascia, or muscles . Once a contracture develops, it is difficult to stretch and may require surgery.

54
Q

Safety Alert: SHOULDER PAIN

A

If a patient complains of shoulder pain, one must suspect a cardiac origin if the shoulder is absent of tenderness or inflammation. Assess for shortness of breath, nausea and diaphoresis.

55
Q

Safety Alert: Muscle Strength

A

Do not test adduction or flexion greater than 90 degrees in anyone with a hip replacement. Doing so may cause dislocation.

56
Q

Varus/Valgus

A

A part of a limb twisted toward or out from the midline is labeled. EX: Knock-kneed.

57
Q

acromegaly

A

hormonal disorder that develop when the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during ADULTHOOD. bones increase in size, including those of the hands, feet and face.

58
Q

AC joint

A

Joint at the top of the shoulder that is the junction between the acromion and the clavicle.

59
Q

antalgic

A

counteracting or avoiding pain

60
Q

apraxic

A

difficulty initiating or continuing walking

61
Q

ataxia

A

neurological finding of gross lack of coordination of muscle movements

62
Q

atrophy

A

wasting or shrinking of the muscle

63
Q

bouchard’s nodes

A

hard, nontender bony growths of gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joins. A sign of osteroarthritis.

64
Q

crepitus

A

medical term to describe the grating, crackling, or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints

65
Q

effusion

A

synovial thickening

66
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

shoulder joint; it involves articulation btwn the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerous

67
Q

goniometer

A

scale used for measuring the angle at which a joint can flex or extend

68
Q

Herberden’s nodes

A

hard, nontender bony growths on the distal intraphalangeal joint

69
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of the muscles

70
Q

spondylosis

A

spinal degeneration and deformity of the joints of two or more vertebrae. Commonly occurs with aging. Often, there is herniation of the nucleus pulposus of one or more intervertebral discs.

Pharmacology 3 Exam ER (2 decks)

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