Musculoskeletal anatomy Flashcards
What is the axial skeleton
-“axis” of skeleton
- skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum
what is the appendicular skeleton
-appendages (arms and legs)
-bones of upper limb (including clavicle and scapula)
-bones of lower limb (including pelvic bones)
what is the diaphysis of the bone
shaft
what is the metaphysis of the bone
area between epiphysis and diaphysis
what is the epiphysis of the bone?
wider upper and lower ends
how many layers do bones have
2
what are the two layers of the bone and describe them
Compact bone
-outer, surrounds the marrow cavity
cancellous or trabecular bone
-inner, consists of meshwork of thin bony “struts”
what is compact bone arranged in
osteons, or haversian system
what is an Osteon
consists of concentric layers of bone (lamellae) with a central haversian canal, which contains blood vessels and nerves
what is between the lamellae
tiny spaces known as lacunae.
what is within each lacuna
an osteocyte, a living bone cell
what are osteocytes surrounded by
bone matrix
is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary
voluntary muscle
is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary
involuntary muscle (makes up the muscular walls of the heart)(myocardium)
is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary
involuntary muscle
what are tendons and ligaments composed of
dense connective tissue with a high collagen content
what do tendons connect to and for what
they connect muscle to bone
they transfer force between these two structures in order to generate movement
what do ligaments connect to and for what
they connect bone to bone
describe a ligament
generally stiff, inelastic structures that stabilise joints by limiting movement in specific directions
the elbow joint is known as what type of joint
synovial hinge
which ligaments have a high content of elastin fibers
ligementum flavum
