Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Infection of the bone

Answer 1

Osteomyelitis

Question 2

What causes Osteomyelitis?

Answer 2

Result of an infection elsewhere or as a result of a penetrating wound or open fracture

Question 3

What could Osteomyelitis result from?

Answer 3

Otitis
Upper respiratory infection
Abcessed tooth
Burn
Trauma to the bone

Question 4

Osteomyelitis sx

Answer 4

Irritable
Diarrhea
Poor feeding
Temp may be normal or less than normal
Bone pain
Swelling
Erythema

Question 5

Osteomyelitis diagnosis

Answer 5

CBC
C-reactive protein
ESR
X-ray

Question 6

Osteomyelitis tx

Answer 6

IV antibiotics for 3-4 weeks

Splinting of affected limb

Question 7

Simple fracture

Answer 7

Intact

Question 8

Compound fracture

Answer 8

Open wound

Question 9

Transverse fracture

Answer 9

Fracture line at the right angle of the long axis of the bone

Question 10

Oblique fracture

Answer 10

Slanting across bone

Question 11

Spiral fracture

Answer 11

Circles around bone

Question 12

Greenstick fracture

Answer 12

Break one side while the other side only bends

Question 13

Growth plate injuries

Answer 13

Vulnerable because its the weakest part of the bone

Question 14

What can a growth plate injury cause?

Answer 14

Growth disruption, arrest, or uneven growth

Question 15

Sx of a fracture

Answer 15

Crepitus
Decreased ROM
Edema 
Inability to bear weight 
Loss of fctn
Obvious deformity 
Pain 
Tenderness

Question 16

Initial care for a fracture

Answer 16

Immobilize

Splint

Question 17

Closed reduction

Answer 17

Alignment of the bone by manual manipulation or traction

Question 18

Open reduction

Answer 18

Surgical alignment of the bone using wire, pins, bone screws or plates

Question 19

Casts

Answer 19

Hold bones immobile

Offer protection after reduction of the fracture

Question 20

Plaster casts

Answer 20

Conforms readily to body parts
Very heavy
Edges must be petaled

Question 21

Fiberglass casts

Answer 21

Lightweight
Water resistant
Available in colors
Dries quickly
More expensive than plaster
Not used for serious fractures

Question 22

Traction

Answer 22

The application of a pulling force to a body part against a counter traction pull exerted in the opposite direction

Question 23

Purposes of Traction

Answer 23

Immobilizes the fracture
Realign the proximal and distal portions of the bone
Decreases muscle spasms
Prevents further soft tissue damage

Question 24

Skin traction

Answer 24

Applied directly to the skin
Exerts force on the body surfaces
Easy and noninvasive
Does not require anesthesia

Question 25

Bucks extension

Answer 25

Boots or circular wrap applied to the leg
Traction was applied to the boot or wrap
Counteraction supplied by the child’s body
Short-term use for a dislocated hip

Question 26

Bryant’s traction

Answer 26

Child is supine position with both legs flexed less than 90°
Child’s butt should be off of the mattress
Use for congenital hip dysplasia and fractured femur’s
Counteraction provided by child’s body
Both legs are always suspended even if only one has a fracture

Question 27

Russell’s traction

Answer 27

Similar to Bucks extension, only a sling is underneath the knee suspending the affected leg
For fractured femurs

Question 28

Skeletal traction

Answer 28

Uses pins, wires, tongs that have been surgically placed through the distal end of the down to apply direct pull to the bone
Allows traction for a longer time and with heavier weights

Question 29

Crutchfield Tongs

Answer 29

Stabilizes fractures in the cervical and high thoracic area of the spine
Tongs are inserted on either side of the head through burr holes in the skull