Musculoskeletal Flashcards
What are the main functions of the skeletal system?
Mineral homeostasis Hematopoietic function Mechanical support for movement Protection of organs Body size and shape
Bone structure percentages
35% organic matrix
65% inorganic elements
What do osteoclasts and osteoblasts do?
Osteoclasts - destroy bone
Osteoblasts - replace bone
What is osteoporosis?
Loss of bone mineral density caused by an imbalance favouring bone reabsorption where the osteoclasts which work harder than the osteoblasts
Factors affecting osteoporosis
Postaglandis and interleukins, growth factors affecting osteoclasts
Estrogen decrease post-menopause inhibits osteoclasts
Young female athletes - decreased estrogen due increased training, poor diet and limited body fat
What is the best type of exercise for osteoporosis and why?
Jumping exercise increases the function of osteoclasts - best exercise is the one that puts pressure on bone
Explain the three characteristics of joint structure
Articulate cartilage covers bone ends, smooth surface - eliminated friction
Ligaments hold in place, form a fibrous capsule - dictate movement
Synovial membrane encloses joint, filled with synovial fluid - joint lubricant
Symptoms of osteoarthritis
Joint tenderness Pain and stiffness Grating or cracking sound in joints Limited ROM Weakness and muscle wasting
Symptoms of rheumatoid
Pain Stiffness/morning stiffness Swelling, warmth and redness Rheumatoid nodules Tiredness, fever, sweating, poor appetite, weight loss
What causes osteoarthritis and why?
Joint injury - tear no recovery becomes bigger
Obesity - 1 excess load on joints 2 chronic low grade inflammation
Malalignment - weight is distributed differently
What does progressive resistance training do?
Increase muscle/tendon strength , joint stability
Decrease abnormal loading & malalignment , cartilage breakdown to preserve cartilage
Increase normal loading , cartilage synthesis to preserve cartilage
What are the barriers to exercise for arthritis
Fatigue
Pain
Lack of knowledge
Lack of specialised exercise programs
What are the facilitators to exercise for arthritis?
Family/friends support
Knowledgable instructions
Doctors support
