Musculoskeletal Flashcards
What is cartilage
A vascular connective tissue
Cartilage and ligaments are ___, ____, and flexible
Tough
Firm
What types of joints are there
Synovial
Non/synovial
What unites joints?
Fibrous tissue
How much of the body weight is muscle
40-50%
What are the 3 types of muscle
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Tendons do what?
Attach muscle to bone
What is a tendon made of
Strong fibres
How many vertebrae in the spine
33
What can happen if there’s too much compression on a cervical disc
Disc damage
Nerve damage
Pain
How do you inspect the cervical spine
Check alignment of head and neck
What is lordosis
Inward curve of the spine
Often with pregnant women
You should palpate the temporomandibular joint when the patient ____________________.
Opens their jaw
Inspect elbows when patient ________
Flexes and extends
What sides of the wrist do you inspect
Dorsal and palmar
What joints do you palpate in the hands and wrist
Palpate each joint
What is radial/ulnar deviation
How far the wrist bends to the radial or ulnar sides
What tests check for carpal tunnel
Phalen’s test
Tinel’s sign
Inspect the hips when patient is in which position
Standing
What position do you palpate the hips
Supine
What positions do you inspect the ankle and feet
Standing
Walking
Sitting
What do you palpate in the ankle and feet
The joints
What is a contracture
Shortening of the muscle leading to limited ROM
What is a dislocation
One or more bones out of position
What is subluxation?
Partial dislocation
What is Ankylossis
Stiffness or fixation
Where do you palpate the spinous process
The C7 and T1 vertebrae
Motion exercises for cervical spine
Chin to chest
Lift chin
Ear to shoulder
Turn chin to each shoulder
Health history questions for musculoskeletal
1/2/3. Any pain, stiffness, swelling heat or redness in the joints?
- Any limitations of movement?
- Any muscle pain or cramping?
- Any bone or joint deformities?
- Any accidents or trauma to bones?
- Ever experienced back pain?
- Any problems with activities of daily living? (Bathing, using toilet, dressing, grooming, eating, mobility or communicating).
Physical examination of cervical spine what do you inspect for?
Size
Contour
Masses
Deformity
When checking neck motion you should apply ___________
Opposing force
Major abnormalities with cervical spine
Hard muscles with muscle spasm
Limited ROM
Pain with movement
Unable to maintain flexion
What motions do you use to check shoulders
Forward flexion
Hyperextension
Internal rotation
A difference in shoulder elevation and in level of scapulae and iliac crests (hips) occur with what?
Scoliosis
Uses for the musculoskeletal system
Standing erect Movement Protection RBC production Calcium and phosphorus storage
