musculoskeletal Flashcards
- Inspect the Muscles for size. Compare the muscles on one side of the body to the same muscle on the other side. For any discrepancy, measure the muscles with tape.
- Inspect the muscles and tendons for contractures and shortening
- Inspect the muscles for tremors.
- Inspect any tremors of the hands and arms by having the client hold the arms out in front of the body
- Palpate muscles at rest to determine muscle tonicity (the normal condition of tension, or tones of a muscle at rest)
the decrease in size
atrophy
the increase in size of muscle
hypertrophy
lacking tone
atonics
weakness and laxness
flaccidity
the sudden involuntary muscle contraction
spasticity
• Inspect the skeleton for normal structure and deformities
• Palpate the bones to locate any areas of edema or
tenderness
bones
• Inspect the joint for swelling, Palpate each joint for tenderness, smoothness of movement, swelling, crepitation, and presence of nodules.
• Assess joints for range of motion.
joints
Specific Joints
1.Temporomandibular
2.Cervical spine
3. Thoracic & lumbar spine
4. Shoulders
5.Elbows
6.Hand and wrists
7.Hips
8.Knees
9.Feet & ankles
give me the specific joints
T
CS
T LS
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H W
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F A
Specific Joints
1.Temporomandibular
2.Cervical spine
3. Thoracic & lumbar spine
4. Shoulders
5.Elbows
6.Hand and wrists
7.Hips
8.Knees
9.Feet & ankle
joint in side of head, mouth
temporomandibular joint
Position, alignment of head, symmetry of skin folds &
muscles
cervical joint
● Thoracic spine should be convex
● Bend forward & try to touch the toes flexion of the 75-90 degree
● Expect lateral bending 35 degree
thoracic & lumbar spine
● Flexion at 160 degree
● Full extension at 180 degree
elbow
● Inspect the dorsal & palmer aspects of the hands
● Identify deviations of fingers
Examine ROM of Hand & wrist
○ bend the fingers at metacarpals
○ touch the thumb to each fingertips
○ bend the hand at wrist up & down
○ with the palm side down, turn each hand right & left
hand & wrist
● Inspect the symmetry of the iliac crest
● ROM
○ Rise the leg with knee
○ Extended above the body
○ Swing the straightened leg either standing or prone
○ Raise knee to the chest while keeping other leg straight
○ Rotate inward and outwardly
hips
● Inspect the Popliteal area
● Observe the lower leg alignment
● Bend knees for flexion 130 degree
● Full extension
knees
● Dorsiflexion of 20 degree
● Bending the foot at the ankle
● Rotating the ankle
feet
