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Health Care 2 > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

5 Functions of Musculoskeletal

A 
Movement
Mechanical support
Protection 
Production of erythrocytes
Structural support
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2
Q

Functions of Bones

A

Shape
Support
Production of erythrocytes in bone marrow

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3
Q

5 Types of Bones

A 
Long - femur
Short - carpals
Sesamoid - kneecap 
Flat - cranium
Irregular - vertebrae
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4
Q

5 Types of Bones

A 
Long - femur
Short - carpals
Sesamoid - kneecap
Flat - cranium
Irregular - vertebrae
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5
Q

Main Function of Muscles

A

Contractibility for movement

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6
Q

3 Types of Muscles

A

Skeletal - voluntary
Smooth - involuntary
Cardiac - involuntary

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7
Q

How Muscles Allow for Movement

A

Muscles receive signal from nervous system

Opposing forces - biceps shorten, triceps lengthen to flex bicep

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8
Q

How do Muscle and Bone Move Together

A

Muscle move body parts by contracting then relaxing

Muscles can pull bones but can’t put them back in original place, so they work in pairs of flexors and extensors

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9
Q

Different Types of Joints

A

Ball and Socket - hip
Saddle - base of thumb
Hinge - elbow

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10
Q

Synarthrosis Joints

A

Synarthrosis - fibrous - skill
Amphiarthrosis - cartilaginous - spinal column
Diarthrosis - freely moveable, knew joint

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11
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Keeps joints moving freely, cushions ends of bones, reduces friction

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12
Q

Ligaments

A

Bands of connective tissue
Bone to bone
Stabilises joints

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13
Q

Tendons

A

Fibrous tissues
Bone to muscle
Move structures

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14
Q

Cartilage

A

Connective tissues, covers ends of bones to reduce friction and prevent osteoarthritis

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15
Q

Fracture Vs Dislocation on X-ray

A

Fracture - visible line

Dislocation - out of place

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16
Q

Common Conditions of Knee Joints

A

Arthritis - loss of joint space

Osgood-Schlatter - usually normal

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17
Q

Mandible

A

Jaw

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18
Q

Top 7 vertebrae (breakfast)

A

Cervical region

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19
Q

Thoracic Region

A

12 vertebrae (lunch)

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20
Q

Lumbar Region

A

Lower 5 vertebrae (dinner)

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21
Q

Calcaneous

A

Heel

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22
Q

Broken bone healing

A 
Blood clot forms at fracture
Repair cells arrive
Blood clot replaced by collagen fibres
Bone forms callus
Fibres arrange parallel to each other making them stronger
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23
Q

Strain

A

Injury ti muscle or tendon

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24
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to ligament

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25
Q

Cholangiogram

A

Looks at bile ducts, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Shows blockages, or gallstones

Used during surgery because ultrasound can’t be performed when abdomen is cut open

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26
Q

Radiopaque Dye

A

Dye that doesn’t allow for passage of raditation - shows blockages or buildups

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27
Q

Gallstone Symptoms

A

Nausea, abdomen pain, vomiting, trouble digesting fats

28
Q

Barium Enema

A

Chrins, cancer, ulcerative colitis, inflammation, polyps, diverticula, obstructions

29
Q

Barium Enema

A

Examine and diagnose large intestine

Swallow barium sulfate to see

30
Q

Endoscopy

A

Procedure to see digestive tract, camera inserted though mouth or rectum

31
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of diverticulitis, sorry belly, rectal bleeding, constipation/diarrhea, needing surgery or antibiotic from increase pressure in colon from hard stools or straining

32
Q

Polyps

A

Mutation of certain genes contributes to unnecessary cell division - rectal bleeding, constipation/diarrhea, abdomen pain

33
Q

Polyps vs Diverticula

A

Polyps: small growth of tissue from body surface

Diverticula: small poches open to lumen

34
Q

Reduction

A

Realignment of a bone

35
Q

2 Arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis- general wear and tear

Rheumatoid - auto in immune system attacks joint

36
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone forming new cells

37
Q

Osteocyte

A

Mature bone cells

38
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Breakdown and réabsorption of bone

39
Q

Ossification

A

Development of osteocytes and process of bones hardening

40
Q

3 things Ossification relies on

A

Calcium
Vitamin D
Phosphorus

41
Q

Causes of MSK Disease

A

Birth defects - club foot
Injury - broken foot
Degenerative Disease - herniated disk

42
Q

Lab tests for MSK

A 
Rheumatoid factor test
Calcium level test
Phosphorus level test
Uric acid level - (gout)
Gonniometer - ROM
Bone densitometer - bone density
43
Q

Calcium levels

A

8.2-10.3

Below or above hypo/hyper calcemia

44
Q

Phosphorus Levels

A

2.8-4.5mg/dl

Hypo/hyper

45
Q

Types of Fractures

A

Transverse (perpendicularl), linear (vertical), oblique non-displaced (angle but in place), oblique displaced (angle not in place) , spiral (spiraled) , green stick (bends and breaks, children), comminuted (more than 2 pieces)

46
Q

4 Supportive Devices

A

Cast, splint, traction (neck brace, sling) prosthetic/orthotic devices

47
Q

Osteoplasty

A

Repair a bone

48
Q

Tenotomy

A

Cut tendon to repair a muscle

49
Q

Myoplasty

A

Repair a muscle

50
Q

Arthroplastie

A

Repair a joint

51
Q

Laminecotmy

A

Removal of part of spinal disc

52
Q

Steroids

A

Reduce swelling as needles

53
Q

Origin

A

Where tendon of muscle joins

When using pectoralis, origin is where tendon attaches to clavicle

54
Q

Insertion

A

Where tendon of muscle joins moving bone

Using quadriceps - where tendon attaches to the patella

55
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle doing the work when moving

56
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that is relaxing during movement

57
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Under armpits

58
Q

Pectineus

A

Groin area

59
Q

Sartorious

A

Diagonally across thigh

60
Q

Quadriceps

A

Front of thigh

61
Q

Tibialous Anterior

A

Side of lower legs at front

62
Q

Deltoid

A

Shoulder

63
Q

Trapezius

A

Triangular muscle in upper back

64
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Middle-side of back

65
Q

Hamstrings

A

Back of thigh

66
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Calf muscles

67
Q

Parts of Bones

A

Hard/compact bone: white, smooth, provides structure

Spongy bone: inside outer layer, small holes to store bone marrow

Bien marrow: contains stem cells which turn into blood cells

Health Care 2 (3 decks)

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