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CMN 574 Module 3 > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Torticollis: Chin rotates to the which direction?

(Same or Opposite) of the spasm?

A

Opposite

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2
Q

You are evaluating an infant and you notice the head and ear are tilted toward the right.

You know this is a (Left or Right) torticollis?

A

Right

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3
Q

If there is not an underlying disease process in torticollis, which muscle is likely damaged?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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4
Q

What is the most effective treatment for torticollis?

A

Passive stretching

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5
Q

Limb deficiency is rare, but more common in Upper or Lower limbs?

A

Upper limb deficiency is more common

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6
Q

If patient has congenital limb deficiency, then other congenital problems are much more likely to be found. Assess which bones?

A
  • Femur
  • Tibia
  • Fibula
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7
Q

What is “key” about treatment of congenital deformities with prosthetics?

A

Early fitting is key!

Lower extremities
•Typically fitted around 12 months of age
•Well tolerated- necessary to help balance and walk
Upper extremities
•Mitten type as young as 6 months
•Able to “develop” as the child grows

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8
Q

Metatarsus Adductus defined

Do most resolve resolve spontaneously or require surgery?

A

Inward deviation of the forefoot

Most flexible deformities resolve spontaneously
•Due to positioning in the uterus

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9
Q

Metatarsus Adductus-

_______ crease in the Medial aspect of the arch if RIGID deformity

A

Vertical

NOTE: If cannot be repositioned past midline, serial casting is used to correct deformity

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10
Q

Metatarsus Adductus may be associated with what other deformity?

A

hip dysplasia

Examine hips carefully

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11
Q

Talipes Equinovarus

AKA:____________

A

Clubfoot

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12
Q

If an infant has clubfoot, check for other abnormalities, esp the ______

A

Spine

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13
Q

Treatment of Talipes Equinovarus

A

Clubfoot Tx:
Ponsetti technique
•Manipulation and stretching of the foot/tissue
•Serial Casting
•Once a week for at least 6 to 8 weeks
•Night brace is required for long term management

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14
Q

Abnormal growth or development =

A

dysplasia

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15
Q

What is:

abnormality between the femur and acetabulum

A

Hip dysplasia

Femur and acetabulum are under developed

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16
Q

What is it when:

femoral head is NOT in contact with the acetabulum

A

dislocated hip

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17
Q

What is it when:

femoral head may be displaced with movement

A

Subluxatable hip

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18
Q

Is hip dysplasia more common in Left or Right Hip?

A

LEFT HIP

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19
Q

Will hip dysplasia correct itself?

A

No. does not correct itself unless dislocation is corrected within a few weeks of birth

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20
Q

Clinical findings for hip dysplasia:

How to assess?

A
  • Lie infant supine, wait until calm
  • Place long finger over the greater trochanter and thumb over the inner thigh
  • Hips are flexed 90 degrees- slowly Abduct from midline, 1 hip at the time
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21
Q

Ortalani sign

A

Using gentle pressure, lift the greater trochanter forward (aBduct)- does the femoral head slip? You are trying to put the hip Back into place.

(Hip Out for Orlanti)

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22
Q

Barlow sign

A

ADduct the medial side of the thigh, listen for a ‘clunk’ as the femoral head “pops” out of joint.

(Barlow push Back)

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23
Q

______ are the MOST reliable diagnosis of hip dysplasia in the newborn

A

Clinical Signs

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24
Q

______ provides more info than _______ in the infant (for hip dysplasia).

What becomes more helpful when the infant becomes 6 weeks??

_______

A

Ultrasound

Plain films (XR)

Plain films are helpful after the infant reaches 6 weeks of age or older

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25
Q

After how many days are the symptoms of hip dysplasia less evident?

A

30 days

NOTE: Painless limp is present after child begins to walk

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26
Q

What is Trendelenburg sign for hip dysplasia

A

dip in the pelvis when standing on affected leg due to weakness in the gluteal muscles-

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27
Q

A Pavlik harness can be used to treat hip dysplasia if ___________

It can be used until what age ?

A

Hip is naturally reducible- with little pressure

Can be used for the first 4 months of life

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28
Q

True or false:

Double or triple placing diapers can help correct hip dysplasia

A

FALSE

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29
Q

Earlier intervention is better if surgery is needed for hip dysplasia. How long should the parent expect the cast to be on after Surg?

A

Hip cast is used for 3 months after surgery

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30
Q

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) presentation

A

Present with groin, thigh, or knee pain/often accompanied by a limp

Pain with ROM; limited internal rotation; obligatory external rotation when hip is flexed

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31
Q

What action/education is needed for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis?

A

This is URGENT!

NO weight bearing- At All!
Immediate orthopedic eval

NOTE: SCFE is most common in adolescent, obese males

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32
Q

Mutation or alteration of the Fibrillin-1 gene

A

Marfan Syndrome

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33
Q

Clinical s/s of Marfan Syndrome

A 
Arachnodactyly (Unusually long fingers and toes)
Hypermobility of the joints
Enlarged hands, very tall, flat feet
Eye abnormalities
High-arched palate
Scoliosis- as much as 60% of diagnosed patients
Cardiac Involvement
Up to 90% have cardiac disorders
Thoracic aortic aneurysm – dissection
Aortic and or Mitral valvular disorders
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34
Q

Symptomatic treatment for Marfan Syndrome (screening and treatment)

A

Screening for aortic aneurysms and other cardiac disorders
Treatment of scoliosis
and flat foot
Pain management

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35
Q

S/S Gigantism

A

Unusual LINEAR growth

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36
Q

________ is an excess of growth hormone production occurs BEFORE puberty

A

Gigantism

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37
Q

What connective tissue disorder can occur at any age AFTER puberty?

A

Marfan’s or Acromegaly

It is more common in 4th and 5th decade of life (but can be any time after puberty)

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38
Q

Lateral curvature of the spine that may occur at any age

A

Scoliosis

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39
Q

Scoliosis exam: How to

A

Examine the back with patient standing
Look at shoulder and hip heights
Then have patient bend over at waist
Look for asymmetry

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40
Q

What are the 3 options for scoliosis treatment?

A

Observation
Bracing
Surgical

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41
Q

What is the outcome when using bracing for scoliosis?

A

Prevents further progression

Does NOT correct problem

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42
Q

Observation, PT, exercise, and chiropractic med can be used in adolescents or adults if what is true?

A

If scoliosis findings are minor in adolescents or LESS than 45 degrees in adults

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43
Q

What is the treatment option to Correct scoliosis deformity?

A

Surgical

Uses rods, screws, etc to reposition the spine

or spinal fusion to hold it in place

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44
Q

Genu Varum
AKA ______
Is normal to about age ____

A

Genu Varum = Bowleg
normal until about age 3

NOTE: consider ortho referral if persists after 3.
Varum may be a greater risk for osteoarthritis - Bracing may be needed

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45
Q

Genu Valgum
AKA ________
Lasts until about age ____

A

Genu Valgum = Knock Knee

Lasts until about age 8

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46
Q

If Valgum is present with _______, you should consult ortho

A

short stature

Knock Knee + Short stature = ortho eval

sketetal dysplasia (dwarfism or 3 SD below mean)
Rickets (impaired VitD, Ca, phos absorption)
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47
Q

Education for flat foot

A

Can be a normal finding in infants

Should spontaneously resolve

Suggest high quality sport shoes and arch support/inserts

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48
Q

Cavus foot is….

A

unusually high arch

hereditary or assoc. w/ neurologic conditions

commonly seen with claw toes

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49
Q

Which common foot problem may need a neurological eval?

A

Cavus Foot

progressive cavus foot should get neuro exam, XR, and MRI of spine (workup for neuromuscular disorder)

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50
Q

Hallux Valgus

AKA______

A

Bunions

Common, familial
Needs wide shoes
Surg only for adults (high recurrance rate)

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51
Q

Tenosynovitis is more common at what locations?

How to treat?

A

Knees and feet

Tx: Rest. Limited NSAIDS

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52
Q

True or False:

Acute bursitis is common in children

A

False!

Rule out other issues in kids first

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53
Q

______ may develop in late adolescence or adulthood after infection, trauma, avascular necrosis, or hemarthroses

A

Arthritis

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54
Q

Sprain is stretch injury to the ______

Strain is stretch injury to the ______

A

Sprain is injury to the ligament

STrain is injury to the muscle or Tendon

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55
Q

When the ankle is “rolled”, _____ causes more injury to lateral ligaments

________ causes more injury to medial ligaments

(Inversion or Eversion)

A

Inversion- more common- injury to lateral ligaments

Eversion- medial ligament

NOTE: Palpation will identify which ligaments are injured

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56
Q

Most knee injuries in children are related to _______

A

Traumatic Injury- football, soccer, basketball.

NOTE: Collateral and cruciate ligaments (Knee Sprains)- NOT COMMON in children - bony injury more common

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57
Q

Post Trauma Effusion should get ______

A

Ortho Eval

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58
Q

Non Traumatic Effusion- consider

A

juvenile RA or patellar disorder

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59
Q

Nursemaids elbow presentation

A

Infant/child

“Elbow will not bend”

Full pronation of elbow- very painful

Tender over radial head X-Rays may be normal

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60
Q

Patellar disclocation is almost always ______ (lateral or medial)?

Will it show up on XR?

A

Almost always lateral dislocation

Yes, will show up on films

**Severe Pain

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61
Q

Epiphyseal Fractures

A

Separation rather than a true fracture

More common than a ligament injury (bc ligaments at joints are usually stronger than the growth plate)

62
Q

Epiphyseal Fractures/Separation dx and tx

A

X-Rays are indicated to differentiate between an epiphyseal separation and dislocation

Films of the opposite side are helpful for comparison

Reduction under anesthesia to prevent deformities/growth issues

63
Q

Torus fracture

definition and tx

A

“buckling” of the cortex due to compression of the affected bone

Simple immobilization= Soft bandage or short cast for 3 weeks or so

NOTE: Verify that it is not a greenstick fx (tx is different)

64
Q

Greenstick Fractures

definition and tx

A

One side is obviously broken- split away – while opposite side is intact

Tx: Reduce y putting into normal alignment and place in SNUG fit cast. **XR again in 7-10 days

65
Q

What do you for for a clavicle fracture ?

A

immobilize

66
Q

Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus

What critical assessment is necessary?

A

ALWAYS check for brachial/radial pulses - it is close proximity to the brachial artery

Tx: closed reduction with pinning

Note: most common elbow fx in kids, most age 3-6y

67
Q

Hip fracture presentation

A

Pain in the groin, may radiate to the lateral hip, buttock, or knee

Displaced fracture = cannot bear weight

Internal rotation of the hip – pain = + fracture

68
Q

Stress fracture- from repetitive movements or osteoporosis -
Non-displaced may not require surgery.

When Hip Fractures DO require surgery, it is ideal to be done within what timeframe?

A

Surg within 24 hours - waiting only increases risk of complications

69
Q

_____ and _______ can reduce many pediatric fractures

A

Traction and manipulation

Note: Open reduction can be used if alignment is not satisfactory (this method is more common in adults)

70
Q

What would cause a fracture to be suspicious?

A

Story does not fit injury,

Poor explanation, changing stories, delay in seeking care, unrealistic

71
Q

Osteomyelitis is usually preceded by_______.

Usually starts in _______ then moves in to compact or cortical bone

A

Typically preceded by some type of trauma

Usually starts in the spongy or medullary bone

72
Q

Osteomyelitis presentation

A

Pain with movement, Soft tissue swelling, Localized tenderness over the metaphysis of affected bone, Refusal to bear weight

Lower extremities more likely than upper

73
Q

Osteomyelitis labs. What is elevated?

A 
Elevated ESR (>50mm/h is typical) and CRP
WBC count: may be normal or slightly elevated in infants
74
Q

Osteomyelitis treatment

A

Culture ASAP
Broad spectrum antibiotics initially then based on culture results —IV Abx 1st, then PO as s/s decrease
Course of treatment at least 4-6 weeks- may even be months
Bone scans may be indeterminate- plain films late response

75
Q

Necrosis due to lack of blood flow to proximal femur

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

76
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease presentation

A

Persistent pain is the most common symptom.

Patient may present with limp or limited movement of affected leg

77
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease Treatment

A

•Minimize trauma/work/use (protect joint by minimizing impact)

NOTE: Excellent prognosis for regrowth of femoral head - BUT may or may not be functional??

78
Q

At what age can a child start strength training?

A

Can be started as early as 7 or 8 years of age

**Must meet Tanner Stage V before moving to maximum weightlifting or power lifting

79
Q

What is the goal time for fitness and conditioning in sports medicine?

What type(s) should be included?

A

Goal is 60 minutes of activity a day

Resistance (strength), neuromuscular, and integrative training (COMBO, not just 1)

80
Q

Sports nutrition should focus on?

A 
Focus on choices
Adequate hydration
Make healthy choices
Balance intake and output
Carbs are healthy too
Note: Caution with supplements -  you don't always  know what you get and FDA intervenes after marketed
81
Q

Sports Physicals ultimate goal and primary objective

A

Promote health and safety of athletes

Primary: screening for conditions that may be life threatening or disabling and for conditions that predispose to injury or illness

**ideal timing is 6-8 weeks before training starts

82
Q

Sports physical secondary objective

A

May provide a medical home
Evaluates fitness level for particular sport
Counseling
Preventing injuries
Seeking treatment
Health promotion
(Maybe only encounter with healthcare provider)

83
Q

PRICE acronym related to injuries

A
  • Protect from further injury
  • Rest the injured area
  • Ice
  • Compression
  • Elevate immediately
84
Q

When can athletes with MRSA return to participation?

A

(Table 27-3, pg 847 Hay)

Suspected MRSA should be cultured and treated with abx. Abscess needs I&D.

*May return when no new lesions x48 hours, NO moist or draining lesions, AND has been on oral abx for at least 72 hours.

85
Q

Concussion usually resolves in 7-10 days. What is the 6 step process to return to play?

A 
No symptoms at rest for 24 hours
•Light aerobic exercise x 24h
•Sport specific exercise x24h
•Non contact drills x24h
•Contact practice drills x24h
•Release

**If s/s recur at any stage- go back to rest for 24 hours and drop back a step

86
Q

Concussion Symptoms:

A

Headache •Confusion •Amnesia: classically anterograde •Dizziness •Balance problems •Nausea/Vomiting •Visual disturbances •Light/noise sensitivity •Ringing in the ears •Fatigue/excessive sleepiness/Sleep abnormalities •Memory/concentration problems •Irritability/behavioral changes

87
Q

Atlantoaxial Instability is INCREASED mobility at ___ and ____

(more common in children with Down’s Syndrome)

A

Increased mobility at C1 and C2

Note: Any child with a score of > 4.5 mm must be restricted from sports that are at risk for contact or collision activities and from sports that require significant neck flexion/extension

88
Q

Cervicalgia: Neck Pain

Treatment if no trauma or infection

A

Conservative tx:

Stretching, NSAIDs, therapy, muscle relaxers (short term), massage, chiropractic treatments, cervical traction

89
Q

Spurling Test

A

for Neck Pain/Cervicalgia

performed by having the neck extended rotated, and flexed to the ipsilateral shoulder while applying an axial load

90
Q

Burner/Stinger

key feature

A

UNILATERAL pain and paresthesia
in the upper extremity
Symptoms on the same side as injury - they need diagnostic workup in pain persists or becomes bilateral

Note: usually Short duration

91
Q

Burner/Stinger Treatment

A

Remove from play and observe
•If repetitive burners/stingers in a single day or a season, strongly consider restricting for the rest of the day
•Prevention with proper fitting gear, appropriate clothing, and use proper technique for sports activities

Return to game when pain free, full ROM without pain, strength and reflexes normal, and negative spurling test

92
Q

Spondylolysis is an injury to the _______

A

pars interarticularis of the vertebral complex

resulting in a stress reaction or an acquired stress fracture

93
Q

(Spondylolysis)

Examples of Acquired stress fracture due to repetitive overload

A

Gymnasts, wrestlers, dancers, divers, trampolines

94
Q

Spondylolysis

Treatment

A

Avoid hyperextension of the back and high impact sports
Bracing may help symptoms but no change in outcome in studies
May return to sports when asymptomatic
Stretching of ham strings
Work on core and back strengthening

95
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Bilateral pars injury with vertebral slippage

Back pain with extension, Hyperlordosis - exaggerated lumbar curve,

Treat symptoms, brace may help
*If surgery is required, cannot return to sports activity for at least ONE YEAR

96
Q

Low Back Pain

Consider nerve root impingement IF….

A

leg pain is > back pain

97
Q

Cauda Equina Syndrome for low back pain

A

Bowel or bladder symptoms, “saddle anesthesia”, loss of anal sphincter tone or incontinence, LE weakness

**EMERGENCY- REFER ASAP

98
Q

When should you refer low back pain?

A

Weight loss, severe pain for > 6 weeks, nocturnal or pain at rest
*Refer these s/s urgently

(80% of episodes should resolve spontaneously by weeks, 90% by 6 weeks)

99
Q

Spinal Stenosis

definition and symptoms

A

Narrowing of the spinal canal

Worse with extension- better with sitting
Can create claudication type symptoms in LE

100
Q

Spinal Stenosis

treatment

A

Epidurals, stretching may help

Surgery:
Spinal decompression; Nerve root decompression

101
Q

Disk Herniation symptoms and treatment

A

Back pain that is exacerbated by flexion and sitting
(+ straight leg lift)

Conservative treatment: Rest, PT, possible steroids,
surgery if conservative fails

102
Q

Disk Herniation

Mechanism of injury/occurrence

A

Usually due to bending or heavy loading/lifting w/back in flexion. Also occurs r/t degenerative disk disease in ages 30-50

103
Q

Disk Herniation

Location most often affected

A

Typically affects L4-L5 and L5-S1

104
Q

Acromioclavicular Separation

s/s and tx

A

s/s: Tenderness and edema at AC joint
+Positive cross arm test

Tx: Rest, support, immobilization (1-6 weeks), and rehab

105
Q

Fractured Humerus

s/s and tx

A

s/s: Severe pain and swelling in proximal Humerus
May have obvious deformity
***Assess brachial plexus as well as radial nerves for any damage

Tx: Typically requires a sling for 6-8 weeks
Rehab to strengthen muscles and extension

106
Q

Patient presents with his arm Abducted and externally rotated, has a “squared off” appearance, and complains of severe pain. What diagnosis do you suspect?

A

Acute Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability

Tx: Immediate reduction in the ED or Operating Room

107
Q

Rotator Cuff Injury is exacerbated by what position?

A

Exacerbated by overhead activities and posterior reach

108
Q

Adhesive Capsulitis
AKA ________

What elicits pain?

A

“frozen shoulder”

External rotation of elbow while at side elicits pain

109
Q

Adhesive Capsulitis

Phases (3)

A
  • Inflammatory phase- 4-6 months- painful shoulder without findings of trauma
  • Freezing phase- 4-6 months- shoulder is stiff, pain may decrease but ROM limited
  • Thawing phase- may last a year as movement gradually returns
110
Q

When to refer Adhesive Capsulitis

A

Refer if symptoms do not respond after 6 months of treatment
OR
if ROM declines after 3 months

111
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis
AKA ________

Exacerbated by?

A

Tennis Elbow
-Tendinopathy of lateral epicondyle

exacerbated by wrist extension

112
Q

Olecranon Bursitis

s/s and tx

A

Inflammation of the Olecranon bursa is usually trigger by repetitive trauma

s/s: hot, red, inflamed, painful
Tx: NSAID, maybe injections, Stop the cause

113
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis

Treatment

A

Conservative: Ice and NSAIDs
•Rest from repetitive movements
•Appropriate stretching and strengthening of forearm muscles to prevent recurrence (PT exercises)
•Forearm brace may be helpful

114
Q

Osteoarthritis
Inflammation?
Systemic s/s?

A

Minimal inflammation

NO systemic s/s

115
Q

True or False:

BREIF morning stiffness followed by improvement is seen in Rheumatoid arthritis

A

FALSE

BREIF stiffness is seen in Osteoarthritis

116
Q

Osteoarthritis

Primary sites

A

Weight bearing joints
DIP and PIP (hands)
MTP of great toe
c-spine and lumbar spine

117
Q

Osteoarthritis

Treatment

A

Splinting/compression gloves, Ice/heat, exercise, PT/OT, KT tape
Tylenol, NSAIDS, topical tx advil duoaction (tylenol + Ibu)

Steroid injections MAX 4 times per year (only for knees and hips)

118
Q

TMJ

s/s and treatment

A

s/s: Pain at the joint or surrounding area, May or may not radiate, Worse with chewing, May have associated ear pain

Tx: NSAIDS, gentle stretching of the face/mouth, muscle relaxers, anti-depressants (stress related/grinding of teeth), splints (short term use only)
NOT a surgical problem

119
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome typically effects which area of the hand?

s/s?

A

first 3 digits (thumb, first, and second fingers)

Pain, burning, and tingling along medial nerve; Worse at night (sleep).
Exacerbated by manual activity, especially extremes of volar flexion or dorsiflexion of wrist

120
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Treatment

A

Tx is directed at relief of pressure on median nerve

  • Nerve Conduction testing
  • Splint for up to 3 months (neutral position)
  • NSAID or Steroids- temporary relief
  • Decompressive surgery resolves issue
121
Q

Phalen sign

often + in Carpal Tunnel

A

Phalen sign is pain or paresthesia in the distribution of the median nerve when the patient flexes both wrists at 90 degrees for 60 seconds.

122
Q

Tinel sign

often + in Carpal Tunnel

A

tingling or shock-like pain on volar wrist percussion

123
Q

Carpal Compression Test

A

numbness and tingling are induced by the direct application of pressure over the carpal tunnel
(May be more sensitive and specific than tinel and phalen sign)

124
Q

Dupuytren Contracture
AKA ______

description

A

“Trigger finger”
Hyperplasia of the palmar fascia (benign fibrosis)

Contracture and nodule formation

Nodular or cord-like thickening of one or both hands- 4 and 5th digits more commonly affected

125
Q

Dupuytren Contracture
(“Trigger finger”)
Treatment

A

Splint
Stretching
Can try triamcinolone/steroids or collagenase injections
XIAFLEX® (collagenase clostridium histolyticum)
Refer for surgery for release of contractures

126
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Localized to______

Exacerbated by_____

A

Localized to the tibial tubercle

Exacerbated by running and jumping

127
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Who gets it?
What to do about it?

A

Adolescents:
Boys: 12 – 15 years
Girls: 11-13 years

Spontaneous correction when skeletal maturity is met
Stretching, ice, and physical therapy may be helpful

128
Q

Hamstring Strain

Mechanism

s/s

A

Mechanism: forced knee extension or directional change

s/s: PAIN upon tearing/popping sensation in posterior leg (grabs back of leg)

Resists knee extension on exam due to pain

129
Q

Hamstring Strain

Treatment

A

Ice and Compression- ASAP

Get them up and moving as soon as they can tolerate and rehab by gentle stretching

130
Q

Iliotibial Band Syndrome

What is it?
s/s?

A

Inflammation of the trochanter bursa and the IT band

Pain over lateral knee or hip
Often runners

+ Ober test
Side lying position- aBduct then move leg down- + pain on movement (measuring IT flexibility)

131
Q

Iliotibial Band Syndrome

Treatment

A

Change the activity that caused the problem
Stretching program
Work on core and pelvic stabilization
Ultrasound, massage, corticosteroid injections

132
Q

meniscal injuries pain is usually located?

A

*medial or lateral knee

133
Q

meniscal injuries will present with? how might the pt describe it?

A
  • effusion w joint line tenderness on palpation

* my knee “locked” or “gave out”

134
Q

meniscal injury is typically triggered by abrupt _______ ?

A

*directional change

135
Q

what is the McMurray test? and what is it used to test for?

A
  • place fingers across joint lines
  • flex knee
  • rotate flexed knee and bring out into extension
  • pain is elicited and “click or catch” is palpated on the joint line = + test
  • meniscal injury
136
Q

medial and lateral collateral ligament injuries

A
  • look up valgus stress test
  • may feel “pop” or loss of sensation then mild effusion
  • conservative treatment = ice, brace, no weight bearing
137
Q

what does ACL stand for?

A

anterior cruciate ligament

138
Q

most ACL injuries are or are not due to contact?

A

ARE NOT

139
Q

ACL injuriews are usually cause by abrupt ______, twisting &/or _____ motion like sliding into home base

A
  • deceleration

* cutting

140
Q

ACL inury sound ?

A

pop followed by edema

141
Q

what does PCL stand for?

A

posterior cruciate ligament

142
Q

PCL will have increased pain with what motion?

A

*flexion

143
Q

PCL may be inflicted by ?

A

falling w knee flexed and ankle in plantar flexion

144
Q

baker’s cyst

A
  • fluid fill cyst in posterior popliteal region
  • painful “tight” may be edematous
  • worse with standing, flexing, extending knee
145
Q

bakers cyst is worse with 3 motions

A

standing
flexing
extending

146
Q

bakers cyst present with unilateral edema…. what should you rule out?

A

DVT. get ultrasound

147
Q

ankel sprain is typically more ____ than ____

A

laterla than medial

148
Q

if medial ankle edema is noted in a sprain what do you order

A

films

149
Q

planta fasciitis pain improves w?

A

walking

150
Q

treatment for plantar fasciitis?

A

stretch. roll foot on ball or frozen water bottle

151
Q

ankel sprain is typically more ____ than ____

A

lateral than medial

CMN 574 Module 3 (2 decks)

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