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Microscopic Anatomy > Muscular Tissue > Flashcards

Muscular Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

is one of the four primary tissue types.

A

muscle

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2
Q

these are the largest soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system.

A

muscle

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3
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

• skeletal muscle
• cardiac muscle
• smooth muscle

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4
Q

three muscle types have some properties in common. what are these?

A

they all excitability as their plasma membranes change their electrical states (depolarisation).

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5
Q

a type of striated muscle found specifically in the heart or myocardium.

A

cardiac muscle

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6
Q

a structure specific to cardiac muscle formed from gap junctions and desmosomes that allow cardiac muscle cells to contract in a coordinated fashion

A

intercalated disc

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7
Q

the term for a muscle cell that applies to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle

A

myofibers

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8
Q

tube like organelle present in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle that coordinates contraction of the cell

A

myofibrils

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9
Q

modified cardiomyocytes that propagate electrical signals through the cardiac muscle of the myocardium allowing coordinated contraction

A

purkinje fibers

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10
Q

the basic functional unit of striated muscle that is composed of myofilaments.

A

sarcomere

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11
Q

the organelle that is responsible for the storage and release of calcium into the cytosol of the myofiber.

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

a type of striated muscle responsible for voluntary movement

A

skeletal muscle

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13
Q

non-striated muscle that is responsible for involuntary movement within several organ systems.

A

smooth muscle

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14
Q

invaginations of the sarcolemma (cell membrane) into the cell that allows for the conduction of depolarization impulses from the outside of the cell to around the sarcomeres.

A

T tubules

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15
Q

which move bones and other structure (e.g the eyes)

A

skeletal muscle

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16
Q

which form most of the walls of the heart and adjacent great vessels such as the aorta

A

cardiac & smooth muscle

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17
Q

muscles are classified histologically into striated muscles and non-striated muscles based on the structural characteristics called

A

striations

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18
Q

skeletal and cardiac muscles are grouped as

A

striated muscles

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19
Q

visceral muscle are grouped as

A

non-striated

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20
Q

four main properties of muscle tissues

A
  1. excitability
  2. contractility
  3. extensibility
  4. elasticity
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21
Q

the ability to respond to stimuli

A

excitability

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22
Q

the ability to contract

A

contractility

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23
Q

the ability of the muscle to be stretched without tearing

A

extensibility

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24
Q

the ability to return to its normal shape

A

elasticity

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25
Q

both cardiac muscle and smooth muscle can respond to other stimuli such as,

A

catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

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26
Q

are specialized types of epithelium and fibroblasts. that have contractile ability.

A

myoepithelium and myofibroblasts

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27
Q

often located in and around glands where extracellular product produced by the epithelial cells needs to be moved by contractile action towards the duct system.

A

myoepithelial cells

28
Q

are often seen in healing wounds and assist in the maturation and contraction of the granulation tissue as it matures and contracts.

A

myofibroblasts

29
Q

important functions of muscular system performs.

A

a. production of force and movement
b. support of the body, change of body posture
c. stability of joints
d. production of body heat
e. provision of form to the body

30
Q

predominantly powered by the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates but anaerobic chemical reactions are also used.

A

muscles

31
Q

are derived from mesenchyme

A

myoblasts

32
Q

develop from local populations of mesenchymal cells (splanchnic mesoderm)

A

cardiac and smooth muscle tissues

33
Q

develop from mesoderm within the somites

A

skeletal muscles

34
Q

Functions of Skeletal Muscle

A

• contract and cause movement
• act not only to produce movement but also to stop movement
• constant small contractions
• prevent excess movement of the bones and joints
• maintaining skeletal stability
• preventing skeletal structure damage or deformation
• allows voluntary control of specific functions, such as swallowing, urination, and defecation
• protect internal organs
• acting as an external barrier
• shield to external trauma
• supporting the weight of the organs
• contribute to the generation of heat

35
Q

consist of various integrated tissues. these tissues include;

A

a. skeletal muscle fibers
b. blood vessels
c. nerve fibers
d. connective tissue

36
Q

skeletal muscle has three levels of connective tissue that enclose it.

A

a. epimysium
b. perimysium
c. endomysium

37
Q

large muscle is wrapped in a sheath pf dense, irregular connective tissue

A

epimysium

38
Q

holds muscle fascicles in a group and allows a muscle to contract while maintaining its structural integrity.

A

epimysium

39
Q

this membranous envelope, or epimysium is impervious to the spread of fluid such as

A

pus

40
Q

allows the muscle to move independently from other muscle groups and other types of tissue.

A

epimysium

41
Q

term synonymous with muscle cell

A

muscle fiber

42
Q

a cell with multiple peripherally located muclei that runs the ENTIRE length of the actual muscle.

A

muscle fiber

43
Q

intermediate layer of connective tissue

A

perimysium

44
Q

extremely thin connective tissue layer

A

endomysium

45
Q

terminology associated with muscle fibers is rooted in the greek sarco which means

A

flesh

46
Q

plasma membrane of muscle fibers

A

sarcolemma

47
Q

specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores and controls the release of calcium ions

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

48
Q

individual sarcomeres sre joined together in a long chain

A

myofibril

49
Q

bundled together within the sarcoplasm

A

myofibrilz

50
Q

conveys the action potential from the sarcolemma into the cell in order to stimulate the myofibrils

A

T tubules

51
Q

2 structures important in cardiac muscle contraction

A

gap junctions and desmosomes

52
Q

this joining allowsthe quick transmission of action potentials and the coordinated contraction of the entire heart.

A

electric coupling

53
Q

this network of electrically connected cardiac muscle cells creates a functional unit of contraction.

A

syncytium

54
Q

a cell structure that anchors the ends of cardiac muscle fibers together

A

desmosome

55
Q

controlled by specialized cardiac muscle cells. directly control heart rate

A

pacemaker cells

56
Q

wave pf contraction that allows the heart to work as a unit

A

functional syncytium

57
Q

group of cells is self-excitable and able to depolarize to threshold and fire action potentials on their own, a feature called;

A

autorhythmicity

58
Q

regulatory protein that facilitates contraction in smooth muscles

A

calmodulin

59
Q

sarcoplasmic structure that attaches to the sarcolemma and shortens the muscle as thin filaments slide past thick filaments

A

dense body

60
Q

process in which one cell splits to produce new cells

A

hyperplasia

61
Q

subset of a cross-bridge in which actin and myosin remain locked together

A

latch-bridges

62
Q

cell that triggers action potentials in smooth muscle

A

pacesetter cell

63
Q

relaxation of smooth muscle tissue after being stretched

A

stress-relaxation response

64
Q

enlargement of neurons that release neurotransmitter into synaptic clefts.

A

varicosity

65
Q

smooth muscle found in the walls of visceral organs

A

visceral muscle

66
Q

triggers for smooth muscle contraction

A

hormones

Microscopic Anatomy (1 decks)

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