Muscular System Mrs. Bruening

Question 1

Muscular System

Answer 1

Responsible for movement. It is made of three types of

muscles – skeletal, smooth and cardiac.

Question 2

Skeletal muscles

Answer 2

Usually attached to bone and are responsible for voluntary movements. When these muscles contract, they move the bones they are attached to.

Question 3

Smooth muscles

Answer 3

Found in structures such as the stomach, blood vessels and intestines. These muscles are usually not under voluntary control and are responsible for moving substances throughout the body.

Question 4

Cardiac muscle

Answer 4

Found only in the heart and is special because it is adapted to be highly resistant to fatigue. This muscle is not under voluntary control.

Question 5

temporalis

Answer 5

Located on the side of head behind the eyes. It covers the temples and helps open and close the jaw.

Question 6

masseter

Answer 6

Also helps open and close the jaw. It is located on the side of the face and connects to the mandible.

Question 7

orbicularis oculi

Answer 7

Surrounds the eye. It is responsible for closing the eye and is the only muscle capable of doing so.

Question 8

frontalis

Answer 8

Located on the forehead and when it contracts it raises the eyebrows.

Question 9

nasalis

Answer 9

Located around the nose. This muscle allows you to flare your nostrils.

Question 10

orbicularis oris

Answer 10

The muscle around the mouth. This muscle closes the

mouth and puckers the lips when it contracts.

Question 11

mentalis

Answer 11

Is the chin muscle and is sometimes called the pouting muscle because it raises and pushes up the lower lip.

Question 12

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 12

Passes across the side of the neck and attaches behind the ear on the skull and at the top of the sternum. It is responsible for flexing and extending the neck.

Question 13

trapezius

Answer 13

Attaches to the back of the head. It is a large muscle that extends from the base of the skull to the lower vertebrae and out to the scapula. It moves the scapulae and supports the arm.

Question 14

pectoralis major

Answer 14

Found on the chest of the human body. It makes up the majority of the chest muscles and is responsible for moving the shoulder joint in different directions.

Question 15

latissimus dorsi

Answer 15

Broadest muscle of the back. It is wraps under the armpit to the lower portion of the vertebrae. It is
responsible for adducting, rotating and extending the arm at the shoulder.

Question 16

external obliques

Answer 16

Large muscles that are situated anterior and lateral to
the abdomen. They extend from the ribs to the pelvis and function to pull the chest downward and compress the abdominal cavity.

Question 17

rectus abdominus

Answer 17

A paired muscle running vertically on each side of the
anterior wall of the abdomen. This muscle is important to maintaining posture. It also assists with breathing when forcefully exhaling and creating intraabdominal pressure during exercising, defecation and childbirth.

Question 18

deltoid

Answer 18

Forms the rounded contour of the shoulder. It is responsible for abducting the arm, moving the arm away from the middle of the body.

Question 19

biceps

Answer 19

Lies on the upper arm between the shoulder and elbow. It is responsible for flexing the elbow.

Question 20

triceps

Answer 20

Located on the back of the upper limb and is responsible for extending the elbow.

Question 21

brachioradialis

Answer 21

Located on the forearm but is attached to both the

upper and lower arm. It is responsible for flexing the forearm at the elbow.

Question 22

extensor muscles of the hand

Answer 22

Extrinsic muscles, meaning they are located outside the hand. These muscles extend, or open flat, the joints of the hand.

Question 23

flexor muscles of the hand

Answer 23

This group of muscles is found on the underside of the forearm and functions to flex, or bend, the fingers.

Question 24

gluteus maximus

Answer 24

Attaches to the pelvis and sacrum. It also connects to the illiotibial band.

Question 25

illiotibial band

Answer 25

Extends down the thigh. The gluteus maximus muscle extends the thigh and supports the trunk of the body.

Question 26

quadriceps

Answer 26

A group of 4 muscles on the front of the thigh. These

muscles extend the knee and are crucial to walking, running and jumping.

Question 27

hamstrings

Answer 27

A group of 4 posterior thigh muscles. They extend the hip and flex the knee.

Question 28

gastrocnemius

Answer 28

Posterior to the soleus. Help to flex the foot and are

important to walking, running and dancing.

Question 29

soleus

Answer 29

Ahead of the gastrocnemius. Help to flex the foot and are important to walking, running and dancing. maintains posture – the body would fall forward if not for its constant pull.

Question 30

Achilles tendon

Answer 30

Connects to the heel bone and the calf muscles (soleus and gastrocnemius).

Question 31

tibialis anterior

Answer 31

Located on the front of the lower leg. It brings the top of the foot closer to the shin.

Question 32

extensor muscles of the foot

Answer 32

A group of muscles found on the upper surface of the foot that helps to extend, or straighten, the toes. Bands of connective tissue called the superior and inferior extensor retinaculum hold down these muscles.

Question 33

superior extensor retinaculum

Answer 33

Crosses the lateral side (outside part) of the lower leg.

Question 34

inferior extensor retinaculum

Answer 34

Crosses the front of the ankle joint.