Muscular System C5 L4

Question 1

Which systems does Muscular System link and what is it response for ?

Answer 1

Links nervous and skeletal system and is responsible for movement.

Question 2

What are 3 types of muscle in body

Answer 2

Skeletal
Cardiac
smooth

Question 3

A) Cardiac muscle =
B) Smooth muscle =
C) Skeletal

Answer 3

A) heart
B) makes up tissues is internal organs
C)
most important in fitness industry

Question 4

Skeletal muscle

Answer 4

Muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the force that creates movement and assists homeostatis of the by producing heat

Question 5

Anatomy of muscle is made up of

Answer 5

1) Fascia - connective tissue that surrounds muscles and bones
2) Epimysium (deep fascia)
3) Fascicles - largest bundles of fibers within a muscle and surrounded by
4) Perimysium -connective tissue surrounding a muscle facile
5) Endomysium connective tissue that wraps around individual muscle fibers w/in a fascicles

Question 6

Tendons

Answer 6

Connect muscle to bones
(Overstretching = strain)

Question 7

Ligaments

Answer 7

Connects bone to bone
Overstretched or torn = strain

Question 8

Glycogen

Answer 8

Glucose (sugar) deposited and stored in liver and muscle cells in the form of CARBOHYDRATE

Question 9

Myoglobin

Answer 9

Protein based molecule that carries 02 to the muscles

Question 10

Myofibrils

Answer 10

Where muscle connection occurs. Actin and Myosin (myofilamnents) are located in myofobril

Question 11

Myofilaments

Answer 11

The filoments of myofibril including actin and myosin.

Question 12

Actin

Answer 12

Thin, stringlike mycofilaments that act with myosin to produce muscular contraction

Question 13

Myosin

Answer 13

Thick myofilemrn that along with actin help produce muscular contraction.

Question 14

Sacromere

Answer 14

The structural unit of the myofibril composed of actin and myosin between the zline

Question 15

Z Line

Answer 15

The meeting point of each sacromere

Question 16

Muscle anatomy flow chart

Answer 16

muscle (bundle of fascicles surrounded by epimysium or deep fascia) -> fascicle (bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium connective tissue) ->muscle fiber (bundles of Mobil’s surrounded by endomysium conn tissue)-> myofibril (collection of sacromeres - > sacromere (section of myofibril btwn z lines where muscle contractions occur) Myofilament - actin & myosin protein structures)

Question 17

Neural activation

Answer 17

Communication link between muscular and nervous systems.

It’s the nervous systems signal to tell the muscle to contract.

Question 18

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 18

Specialized site where nervous system communicates directly with muscle fibers

Question 19

Synapse

Answer 19

A junction or small gap between motor neuron and muscle cells

Question 20

Motor unit

Answer 20

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers that it innervates (connects to)

Question 21

Action potential

Answer 21

Nerve impulse related from CNS->PNS and into the muscle across the neuromuscular junction

Question 22

Neurotransmitters

Answer 22

Chemical messages that cross the synapse between neuron & muscle and assist with nerve transmission

Basically translates the NS electrical message that the muscle can understand

Question 23

Acetocholine (ACh)

Answer 23

Neurotransmitter that helps the action potential across synapse to initiate contraction

Question 24

Power stroke

Answer 24

Myosin heads bind to actin and pull toward the sacromere center which glides the filaments towards each other to contract the muscle

Question 25

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 25

High energy molecuie serves as main energy in body

Question 26

Resting length

Answer 26

Power stroke ends and myosin detaches and moves back to original position

Question 27

Type of 1 Muscle fiber
•slow twitch*
Red fibers.
(remember muscles are functionally divided into motor units with single motor unit consisting on one motor neuron

Answer 27

Small motor units more fatigue resistant and connect to (innervate) to small muscle fibers

Necessary for postural control & stabilization

Question 28

Type ll Muscle fibers
Fast twitch
White fibers (low capillaries, mitochondria, myoglobin - low oxidative state)

Answer 28

Larger motor units - faster to fatigue and innervate (contact) to larger muscle fibers. Important for physical activity that require large force like running

Question 29

All or Nothing principle

Answer 29

Motor units can NOT vary the amount of force they generate; they either contract maximally or not at all

Question 30

Capillaries (abundant in slow twitch)

Answer 30

Smallest blood vessel and site of exchange between blood and tissues.

Question 31

Myoglobin

Answer 31

Similar to hemoglobin’s

Question 32

Type ll muscle fibers have 2 types

Answer 32

Type lla (higher oxidative state) and Type llx
Called intermediate fast twitch fibers.

Question 33

After age 50

Answer 33

Muscle mass lost by average of
1-2%/yr

Strength lost between 1.5-5%/yr

Question 34

concentric contraction

Answer 34

is a type of muscle contraction in which the muscles shorten while generating force, overcoming resistance