Muscular system

Question 1

Functions of the muscles

Answer 1

Movement
Heat production
Stability 
Glycemic control 
Control of body openings and passages

Question 2

Properties of muscle

Answer 2

Excitability
Conductivity 
Contractility 
Extensibility 
Elasticity

Question 3

Excitability

Answer 3

react to stimuli

Question 4

Conductivity

Answer 4

spread electrical impulse through muscle cell

Question 5

Contractility

Answer 5

shorten when stimulated

Question 6

Extensibility

Answer 6

can stretch w/o harm

Question 7

Elasticity

Answer 7

can recoil from stretch

Question 8

Indirect attachment

Answer 8

Tendon attaches muscle to bone

Connects into periostenum and matrix

Question 9

Aponerurosis

Answer 9

Broad sheet of tendon

Question 10

Direct (fleshy) attachment

Answer 10

Close association with bone
connection with collagen fibers
Can attach to tissues other than bone, such as dermis of skin

Question 11

Origin

Answer 11

Muscle attachment @ stationary end

Question 12

Insertion

Answer 12

Muscle attachment @ mobile end

Question 13

Belly

Answer 13

Area between origin & insertion

Question 14

Endomysium

Answer 14

wraps cell

Question 15

Perimysium

Answer 15

wraps fascicle

Question 16

Epimysium

Answer 16

wraps muscle

Question 17

Fascia

Answer 17

wraps muscle group

Question 18

Functional Groups of Muscles

Answer 18

Action
Prime mover ( agonist) 
Synergist 
Antagonist
Fixator

Question 19

Action

Answer 19

Effects produced by a muscle

Produce or prevent movement

Question 20

Prime Mover (agonist)

Answer 20

Produces main force of action

Question 21

Synergist

Answer 21

Aids prime mover

May stabilize joint

Question 22

Antagonist

Answer 22

Opposes prime mover

Antagonistic pair- act on opposite sides of joint

Question 23

Fixator

Answer 23

Prevents bone movement

Question 24

Muscles are named by:

Answer 24

Size
Shape 
Location 
# of heads
Orientation of the fibers
Action

Question 25

Myosin

Answer 25

Heads project from bundled tails of hundreds of molecules

Question 26

Actin

Answer 26

Fibrous- resmebles necklace

Globular- resembles one bead of necklace

Question 27

Tropomysin

Answer 27

Blocks active sites when muscle is relaxed

Question 28

Troponin

Answer 28

Attaches to tropmysin, bonds calcium when excited

Question 29

Elastic filaments

Functions:

Answer 29

Contractile protiens
Myosin & actin
Regulatory protiens:
Tropomyosin & troponin

Question 30

A-band

Answer 30

Dark stripe of thick filaments that partly overlap thin filaments

Question 31

H-band

Answer 31

Central region of A band that is a little lighter due to lack of thin filaments

Question 32

M line

Answer 32

MIdline of A band(and H band) that anchors thick filaments together

Question 33

I band

Answer 33

Light stripe of thin filaments only

Question 34

Z disc (Z line)

Answer 34

midline of I band
Protien that anchors thin & elastic filaments
Defines boundaries of sarcomere

Question 35

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 35

Synapse

Question 36

Neuromuscular

Answer 36

Motor neuron’s synaptic knob contains vesicles w/ acetycholine (Ach)

Question 37

Nerve- Muscular relationship

Answer 37

Synaptic cleft

Junctional folds of muscle cell’s membrane contain Ach receptors

Question 38

Myopathies

Answer 38

Diseases of muscle

Question 39

Muscluar dystrophy

Answer 39

Heritary
Defective gene for dystrophin
Skeletal muscle degerneration

Question 40

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

Answer 40

Autoimmune disease

Destruction of ACh receptors