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Medical Terminology I > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bi-

A

twice, double, two

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2
Q

-cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

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3
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, painful

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4
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia, fibrous band

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5
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue, fiber

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6
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition, disease

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7
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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8
Q

kines/o, kinesi/o

A

movement

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9
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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10
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

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11
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

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12
Q

tax/o

A

coordination, order

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13
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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14
Q

ton/o

A

tone, stretching, tension

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15
Q

tri-

A

three

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16
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

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17
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

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18
Q

adhesion

A

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.

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19
Q

ataxia

A

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.

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20
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength.

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21
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.

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22
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement.

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23
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then creates pressure on the median nerve.

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24
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity.

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25
Q

circumduction

A

the circular movement at the far end of the limb.

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26
Q

contracture

A

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues.

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27
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.

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28
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions.

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29
Q

dystonia

A

a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.

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30
Q

electromyography

A

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

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31
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow.

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32
Q

ergonomics

A

the study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

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33
Q

exercise physiologist

A

a specialist who works under a physician’s supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

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34
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of the fascia

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35
Q

fibromyalgia

A

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms.

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36
Q

ganglion cyst

A

a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

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37
Q

heel spur

A

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone.

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38
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body.

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39
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body.

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40
Q

hernia

A

the protrusion of a part of a structure through tissues normally containing it.

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41
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormally increased motor function or activity; also known as hyperactivity.

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42
Q

hypotonia

A

a condition of diminished tone of skeletal muscles.

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43
Q

impingement syndrome

A

inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

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44
Q

insertion

A

the point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.

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45
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.

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46
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system.

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47
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles.

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48
Q

myocele

A

the herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.

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49
Q

myoclonus

A

the quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

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50
Q

myofascial release

A

a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.

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51
Q

myolysis

A

the degeneration of muscle tissue.

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52
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness or slight muscular paralysis.

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53
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of a muscle.

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54
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.

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55
Q

oblique

A

slanted or at an angle.

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56
Q

origin

A

the point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton.

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57
Q

paralysis

A

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.

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58
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

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59
Q

physiatrist

A

a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.

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60
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running.

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61
Q

polymyositis

A

a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.

62
Q

pronation

A

the act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.

63
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities.

64
Q

sarcopenia

A

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging.

65
Q

shin splint

A

a painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone).

66
Q

singultus

A

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; also known as hiccups.

67
Q

sphincter

A

a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

68
Q

sprain

A

an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn.

69
Q

tenodesis

A

the suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.

70
Q

tenolysis

A

the release of a tendon from adhesions.

71
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon.

72
Q

tensynovitis

A

an inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon.

73
Q

tenotomy

A

a surgical incision into a tendon.

74
Q

torticollis

A

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wry-neck.

75
Q

transverse

A

in a crosswise direction.

76
Q

muscle fibers

A

are the long, slender cells that make up muscles.

77
Q

fascia

A

is a band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles. Also, flexible to allow muscle movements.

78
Q

myofascial

A

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

79
Q

my/o

A

muscle

80
Q

fasci

A

fascia

81
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

82
Q

tendon

A

is a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue. (tendons attach muscle to bone.)

83
Q

patellar tissue

A

attaches muscles to the bottom of the patella (kneecap).

84
Q

achilles tendon

A

attaches the gastrocenmius muscle (the major muscle of the calf of the leg) to the heel bone.

85
Q

aponeurosis

A

is a sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone.

86
Q

ligaments

A

join bone to bone.

87
Q

skeletal muscles

A

are attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible.

88
Q

voluntary muscles

A

conscious control over these muscles.

89
Q

striated muscles

A

under a microscope, the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance.

90
Q

striated

A

striped

91
Q

smooth muscle

A

located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands.

92
Q

involuntary muscles

A

they are under control of autonomic nervous system and are not under voluntary control.

93
Q

unstriated muscles

A

do not have the dark and light bands that produce the striped appearance seen in striated muscles.

94
Q

visceral muscles

A

they are found in hollow structures such as those of the digestive and urinary systems.

95
Q

visceral

A

relating to the internal organs.

96
Q

myocardial muscles

A

form the muscular walls of the heart.

97
Q

muscle innervation

A

is the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.

98
Q

neruomuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.

99
Q

muscul

A

muscle

100
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

101
Q

antagonistic

A

refers to working in opposition to each other.

102
Q

contraction

A

is the tightening of a muscle.

103
Q

relaxation

A

occurs when a muscle returns to its original form.

104
Q

extension

A

increases the angle of the elbow and moves the hand away from the body.

105
Q

rotation

A

is a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint.

106
Q

supination

A

is turning the arm so that the palm of the hand is turned downward.

107
Q

plantar flexion

A

bends the foot downward at the ankle.

108
Q

ab-

A

away from

109
Q

duct

A

lead

110
Q

-ion

A

action

111
Q

abductor

A

is a muscle that moves a body part away from the midline.

112
Q

flexion

A

means decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint.

113
Q

flex

A

bend

114
Q

flexor muscle

A

bends a limb at a joint.

115
Q

extension

A

means increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb.

116
Q

ex-

A

away from

117
Q

tens

A

stretch out

118
Q

extensor muscle

A

bends a limb at a joint.

119
Q

hyperextension

A

is the extreme or over-extension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit.

120
Q

elevation

A

is the act of raising or lifting a body part.

121
Q

levator anguli oris

A

muscles of the face raises the corners of the mouth into a smile.

122
Q

levator

A

is a muscle that raises a body part.

123
Q

depression

A

is the act of lowering a body part.

124
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

lowers the corner of the mouth into a frown.

125
Q

depressor

A

muscle lowers a body part.

126
Q

axis

A

is an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body, and rotation turns a bone on its own axis.

127
Q

rotator muscle

A

turns a body part on its axis.

128
Q

humerus

A

is the bone of the upper arm, rotates within the shoulder joint.

129
Q

rotator cuff

A

is the group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint.

130
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to the sole of the foot.

131
Q

superficial muscles

A

they are located near the surface, just under the skin.

132
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

is named for its two point of origin.

133
Q

origin

A

is where the muscle begins, and it is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton.

134
Q

insertion

A

where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.

135
Q

stern/o

A

breastbone

136
Q

cleid/o

A

collar bone

137
Q

mastoid

A

muscle inserts at one point of insertion into the mastoid process.

138
Q

carpi

A

wrist or wrist bone.

139
Q

pectoralis major

A

is a thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall.

140
Q

pectoral

A

relating to the chest

141
Q

lateralis

A

toward the side

142
Q

vastus lateralis

A

is a large muscle toward the outer side of the leg.

143
Q

medialis

A

toward the midline.

144
Q

vastus medialis

A

is a muscle toward the midline of the leg.

145
Q

oblique

A

slanted or at an angle.

146
Q

rectus

A

is straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body.

147
Q

sphincter

A

is a ring-like muscle that constricts the opening of a passageway.

148
Q

biceps

A

formed from two divisions

149
Q

-ceps

A

head

150
Q

triceps

A

formed from three divisions

Medical Terminology I (1 decks)

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