Muscular System Flashcards
All Tables in chapter 7
Skeletal Muscle Tissue:
Location
Function
Cell Shape
Number of Nuclei
Striations
Type of Control
1) Attached to Bones
2) Produce body movement
3) Cylindrical
4) Many
5) Present
6) Voluntary
Visceral Muscle Tissue
Location
Function
Cell Shape
Number of Nuclei
Striations
Type of Control
1) Walls of internal organs and blood vessels
2) Contraction of Viscera and blood vessels
3) Spindle shaped with tapered ends
4) One
5) Absent
6) Involuntary
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Location
Function
Cell Shape
Number of Nuclei
Striations
Type of Control
1) Heart
2) Pumps blood through heart and blood vessels
3) Cylindrical, branching
4) One
5) Present
6) Involuntary
Frontalis (frun-TAL-is)
Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Flat muscle that covers
forehead
2) Galea aponeurotica
3) Skin of eyebrow and nose
4) Raises eyebrows
Orbicularis oris
Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
(oar-BIK-yoo-lair-is OAR-is)
1) Circular muscle around mouth
2) Maxilla and mandible
3) Skin around lips
4) Closes and purses lips
Orbicularis oculi
Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
(oar-BIK-yoo-lair-is OK-yoo-lye)
1)Circular muscle around eyes
2)Maxilla and frontal
bones
3) Tissue of eyelid
4) Closes eye; winking,
blinking, squinting
Buccinator (BUK-sin-ay-ter)
Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Horizontal cheek muscle;
deep to masseter
2) Maxilla and mandible
3) Corner of mouth
4) Compresses cheek;
trumpeter’s muscle
Zygomaticus
Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
(zye-goh-MAT-ih-kus)
1) Extends diagonally from
corner of mouth to cheekbone
2) Zygomatic bone
3) Skin and muscle at
corner of mouth
4) Elevates corner of mouth
as in smiling
Temporalis (tem-por-AL-is)
Muscles of the Head and Neck: Mastication Muscles
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Flat, fan-shaped muscle over temporal lobe
2) Flat portion of temporal bone
3) Mandible
4) Closes jaw
Masseter (MASS-eh-ter)
Muscles of the Head and Neck: Mastication Muscles
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Covers lateral aspect of jaw
2) Zygomatic arch
3) Mandible
4) Closes jaw
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscles of the Head and Neck: Neck Muscles
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
(stir-noh-klye-doh-MAS-toyd)
1) Straplike muscle that ascends obliquely over neck
2) Sternum and clavicle
3) Mastoid process
4) Flexes and rotates head
Trapezius (trah-PEEZ-ee-us)
Muscles of the Head and Neck: Neck Muscles
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Large, flat, triangular muscle on posterior neck and shoulder
2) Occipital bone and spine of thoracic vertebrae
3) Scapula
4) Extends head; also movesscapula
Erector spinae
Muscles of the Trunk: Muscles that move the Vertebral Column
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
(ee-REK-ter SPY-nee)
1) Intrinsic back muscles on each side of vertebral column
2) Vertebrae
3) Superior vertebrae and ribs
4) Extends vertebral column
Deep back muscles
Muscles of the Trunk: Muscles that Move the
Vertebral Column
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Short, intrinsic muscles in space between spinous and transverse processes of vertebrae
2) Vertebrae
3) Vertebrae
4) Move vertebral column
External intercostals (inter-KOS- talz)
Muscles of the Trunk: Thoracic Wall
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Short muscles in intercostals spaces between ribs
2) Ribs
3) Next rib below origin
4) Inspiration
Internal intercostals
Muscles of the Trunk: Thoracic Wall
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
(inter-KOS-talz)
1) Short muscles in intercostals spaces between ribs
2) Ribs
3) Next rib above origin
4) Forced expiration
Diaphragm (DYE-ah-fram)
Muscles of the Trunk: Thoracic Wall
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Dome-shaped muscle that forms partition between thorax and abdomen
2) Interior body wall
3) Central tendon of diaphragm
4) Inspiration
External oblique (ek-STIR-null oh-BLEEK)
Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominal Wall
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Largest and most superficial of lateral abdominal wall muscles
2) Rib cage
3) Iliac crest and fascia
4) Compresses abdomen
Internal oblique (in-TER-null oh-BLEEK)
Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominal Wall
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Underlies external oblique; fibers perpendicular to external oblique
2) Iliac crest and fascia
3) Lower ribs and fascia
4) Compresses abdomen
Transversus abdominus
Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominal Wall
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
(trans-VER-sus ab-DOM-ih-nis)
1) Deepest muscles of abdominal wall; fibers fun horizontally
2) Fascia and lower ribs
3) Linea alba and pubis
4) Compresses abdomen
Rectus abdominus (REK-tus ab-DOM-ih-nis)
Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominal Wall
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Long, straight muscle on each side of linea alba
2) Pubic bone
3) Ribs and sternum
4) Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen
Pelvic diaphragm; primarily
levator ani muscle
Muscles of the Trunk: Pelvic Outlet
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Superior (deep) muscle hammock that forms floor of pelvic cavity
2) Pubis and ischium
3) Sacrum and coccyx
4) Supports and maintains position of pelvic viscera
Urogenital diaphragm
Muscles of the Trunk: Pelvic Outlet
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Superficial to pelvic diaphragm; between two sides of pubic arch
2) Ischium and genitalia
3) Genitalia and perineum
4) Supports pelvic viscera and assists in function of genitalia
Trapezius (trah-PEEZ-ee-us)
Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Triangular muscle on posterior neck and shoulder; right and left trapezius together form trapezoid
2) Occipital bone and vertebrae
3) Scapula
4) Adducts, elevates, and rotates scapula; also extends head
Serratus anterior
Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
(she-RAY-tus anterior)
1) Deep and inferior to pectoral muscles; forms medial wall of axilla; has serrated appearance
2) Ribs
3) Medial border of scapula
4) Pulls scapula anteriorly and downward
Pectoralis major
Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
(pek-tor-AL-iss MAY-jer)
1) Large, fan-shaped muscle that covers anterior chest
2) Sternum, clavicle, ribs
3) Humerus
4) Adducts and flexes arm across chest
Latissimus dorsi
Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
(lah-TISS-ih-mus DOAR-sye)
1) Large, broad, flat muscle of lower back region; swimmer’s muscle
2) Vertebrae
3) Humerus
4) Adducts and medially rotates arm
Deltoid (DELL-toyd)
Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Thick muscle that forms contour of shoulder
2) Clavicle and scapula
3) Humerus
4) Abducts arm
Rotator cuff
Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Group of four muscles that attach humerus to scapula and form cap or cuff over proximal humerus
2) Scapula
3) Humerus
4) Rotates arm
Triceps brachii (TRY-seps BRAY-kee-eye)
Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Forearm and Hand
1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action
1) Only muscle in posterior compartment of arm; has three heads of origin
2) Humerus and scapula
3) Olecranon of ulna
4) Extends forearm
Biceps brachii (BY-seps BRAY-kee-eye)
Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Forearm and Hand
Description
Origin
Insertion
Action
Major muscle in anterior compartment
of arm; has two heads of origin
Scapula
Radius
Flexes and supinates
forearm
Brachialis (bray-kee-AL-is)
Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Forearm and Hand
Description
Origin
Insertion
Action
Strong muscle deep to biceps brachii in
anterior compartment of arm
Humerus
Ulna
Flexes forearm
Brachioradialis (bray-kee-oh-
ray-dee-AL-is)
Muscles of the upper Extremity: Forearm and Hand
Description
Origin
Insertion
Action
Superficial muscle on lateral forearm
Distal humerus
Distal radius
Flexes forearm
Iliopsoas (ill-ee-oh-SOH-as)
Muscles of the Lower Extremity: Thigh
Description
Origin
Insertion
Action
Composite of iliacus and psoas muscles; located in groin
Iliac fossa and vertebrae
Femur
Flexes and rotates thigh
Tensor fasciae latae (TEN-
soar FAH-she-ee LAY-tee)
Muscles of the Lower Extremity: Thigh
Description
Origin
Insertion
Action
Most lateral muscle in hip region
Anterior ilium
Tibia by way of iliotibial tract
Flexes and abducts thigh; synergist of iliopsoas
Gluteus maximus (GLOO-tee- us MAK-sih-mus)
Muscles of the Lower Extremity: Thigh
Description
Origin
Insertion
Action
Largest and most superficial of gluteal muscles
Ilium, sacrum, and
coccyx
Femur
Extends thigh; antagonist of iliopsoas
Gluteus medius (GLOO-tee- us MIN-ih-mus)
Muscle of the Lower Extremity: Thigh
Description
Origin
Insertion
Action
Thick muscle deep to gluteus maximus; common site for intramuscular injections
Ilium
Femur
Abducts and rotates thigh
