Muscular System Flashcards by Kaivalya Tallam

Skeletal Muscle Tissue:

Location

Function

Cell Shape

Number of Nuclei

Striations

Type of Control

1) Attached to Bones
2) Produce body movement
3) Cylindrical
4) Many
5) Present
6) Voluntary

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Visceral Muscle Tissue

Location

Function

Cell Shape

Number of Nuclei

Striations

Type of Control

1) Walls of internal organs and blood vessels
2) Contraction of Viscera and blood vessels
3) Spindle shaped with tapered ends
4) One
5) Absent
6) Involuntary

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Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Location

Function

Cell Shape

Number of Nuclei

Striations

Type of Control

1) Heart
2) Pumps blood through heart and blood vessels
3) Cylindrical, branching
4) One
5) Present
6) Involuntary

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Frontalis (frun-TAL-is)

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Flat muscle that covers
forehead

2) Galea aponeurotica
3) Skin of eyebrow and nose
4) Raises eyebrows

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Orbicularis oris

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(oar-BIK-yoo-lair-is OAR-is)

1) Circular muscle around mouth
2) Maxilla and mandible
3) Skin around lips
4) Closes and purses lips

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Orbicularis oculi

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(oar-BIK-yoo-lair-is OK-yoo-lye)

1)Circular muscle around eyes

2)Maxilla and frontal
bones

3) Tissue of eyelid

4) Closes eye; winking,
blinking, squinting

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Buccinator (BUK-sin-ay-ter)

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Horizontal cheek muscle;
deep to masseter

2) Maxilla and mandible
3) Corner of mouth

4) Compresses cheek;
trumpeter’s muscle

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Zygomaticus

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(zye-goh-MAT-ih-kus)

1) Extends diagonally from
corner of mouth to cheekbone

2) Zygomatic bone

3) Skin and muscle at
corner of mouth

4) Elevates corner of mouth
as in smiling

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Temporalis (tem-por-AL-is)

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Mastication Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Flat, fan-shaped muscle over temporal lobe
2) Flat portion of temporal bone
3) Mandible
4) Closes jaw

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Masseter (MASS-eh-ter)

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Mastication Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Covers lateral aspect of jaw
2) Zygomatic arch
3) Mandible
4) Closes jaw

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Sternocleidomastoid

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Neck Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(stir-noh-klye-doh-MAS-toyd)

1) Straplike muscle that ascends obliquely over neck
2) Sternum and clavicle
3) Mastoid process
4) Flexes and rotates head

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Trapezius (trah-PEEZ-ee-us)

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Neck Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Large, flat, triangular muscle on posterior neck and shoulder
2) Occipital bone and spine of thoracic vertebrae
3) Scapula
4) Extends head; also movesscapula

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Erector spinae

_{Muscles of the Trunk: Muscles that move the Vertebral Column}

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(ee-REK-ter SPY-nee)

1) Intrinsic back muscles on each side of vertebral column
2) Vertebrae
3) Superior vertebrae and ribs
4) Extends vertebral column

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Deep back muscles

Muscles of the Trunk: Muscles that Move the
Vertebral Column

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Short, intrinsic muscles in space between spinous and transverse processes of vertebrae
2) Vertebrae
3) Vertebrae
4) Move vertebral column

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External intercostals (inter-KOS-
talz)

Muscles of the Trunk: Thoracic Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Short muscles in intercostals spaces between ribs
2) Ribs
3) Next rib below origin
4) Inspiration

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Internal intercostals

Muscles of the Trunk: Thoracic Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(inter-KOS-talz)

1) Short muscles in intercostals spaces between ribs
2) Ribs
3) Next rib above origin
4) Forced expiration

Diaphragm (DYE-ah-fram)

Muscles of the Trunk: Thoracic Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Dome-shaped muscle that forms partition between thorax and abdomen
2) Interior body wall
3) Central tendon of diaphragm
4) Inspiration

External oblique (ek-STIR-null
oh-BLEEK)

Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominal Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Largest and most superficial of lateral abdominal wall muscles
2) Rib cage
3) Iliac crest and fascia
4) Compresses abdomen

Internal oblique (in-TER-null
oh-BLEEK)

Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominal Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Underlies external oblique; fibers perpendicular to external oblique
2) Iliac crest and fascia
3) Lower ribs and fascia
4) Compresses abdomen

Transversus abdominus

Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominal Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(trans-VER-sus ab-DOM-ih-nis)

1) Deepest muscles of abdominal wall; fibers fun horizontally
2) Fascia and lower ribs
3) Linea alba and pubis
4) Compresses abdomen

Rectus abdominus (REK-tus
ab-DOM-ih-nis)

Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominal Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Long, straight muscle on each side of linea alba
2) Pubic bone
3) Ribs and sternum
4) Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen

Pelvic diaphragm; primarily
levator ani muscle

Muscles of the Trunk: Pelvic Outlet

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Superior (deep) muscle hammock that forms floor of pelvic cavity
2) Pubis and ischium
3) Sacrum and coccyx
4) Supports and maintains position of pelvic viscera

Urogenital diaphragm

Muscles of the Trunk: Pelvic Outlet

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Superficial to pelvic diaphragm; between two sides of pubic arch
2) Ischium and genitalia
3) Genitalia and perineum
4) Supports pelvic viscera and assists in function of genitalia

Trapezius (trah-PEEZ-ee-us)

Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

1) Triangular muscle on posterior neck and shoulder; right and left trapezius together form trapezoid
2) Occipital bone and vertebrae
3) Scapula
4) Adducts, elevates, and rotates scapula; also extends head

Serratus anterior Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm 1) Description 2) Origin 3) Insertion 4) Action | (she-RAY-tus anterior)

1) Deep and inferior to pectoral muscles; forms medial wall of axilla; has serrated appearance 2) Ribs 3) Medial border of scapula 4) Pulls scapula anteriorly and downward

Pectoralis major Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm 1) Description 2) Origin 3) Insertion 4) Action | (pek-tor-AL-iss MAY-jer)

1) Large, fan-shaped muscle that covers anterior chest 2) Sternum, clavicle, ribs 3) Humerus 4) Adducts and flexes arm across chest

Latissimus dorsi Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm 1) Description 2) Origin 3) Insertion 4) Action | (lah-TISS-ih-mus DOAR-sye)

1) Large, broad, flat muscle of lower back region; swimmer’s muscle 2) Vertebrae 3) Humerus 4) Adducts and medially rotates arm

Deltoid (DELL-toyd) Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm 1) Description 2) Origin 3) Insertion 4) Action

1) Thick muscle that forms contour of shoulder 2) Clavicle and scapula 3) Humerus 4) Abducts arm

Rotator cuff Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm 1) Description 2) Origin 3) Insertion 4) Action

1) Group of four muscles that attach humerus to scapula and form cap or cuff over proximal humerus 2) Scapula 3) Humerus 4) Rotates arm

``` Triceps brachii (TRY-seps BRAY-kee-eye) ``` Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Forearm and Hand 1) Description 2) Origin 3) Insertion 4) Action

1) Only muscle in posterior compartment of arm; has three heads of origin 2) Humerus and scapula 3) Olecranon of ulna 4) Extends forearm

``` Biceps brachii (BY-seps BRAY-kee-eye) ``` Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Forearm and Hand Description Origin Insertion Action

Major muscle in anterior compartment of arm; has two heads of origin Scapula Radius Flexes and supinates forearm

Brachialis (bray-kee-AL-is) Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Forearm and Hand Description Origin Insertion Action

Strong muscle deep to biceps brachii in anterior compartment of arm Humerus Ulna Flexes forearm

Brachioradialis (bray-kee-oh- ray-dee-AL-is) Muscles of the upper Extremity: Forearm and Hand Description Origin Insertion Action

Superficial muscle on lateral forearm Distal humerus Distal radius Flexes forearm

Iliopsoas (ill-ee-oh-SOH-as) Muscles of the Lower Extremity: Thigh Description Origin Insertion Action

Composite of iliacus and psoas muscles; located in groin Iliac fossa and vertebrae Femur Flexes and rotates thigh

Tensor fasciae latae (TEN- soar FAH-she-ee LAY-tee) Muscles of the Lower Extremity: Thigh Description Origin Insertion Action

Most lateral muscle in hip region Anterior ilium Tibia by way of iliotibial tract Flexes and abducts thigh; synergist of iliopsoas

``` Gluteus maximus (GLOO-tee- us MAK-sih-mus) ``` Muscles of the Lower Extremity: Thigh Description Origin Insertion Action

Largest and most superficial of gluteal muscles Ilium, sacrum, and coccyx Femur Extends thigh; antagonist of iliopsoas

``` Gluteus medius (GLOO-tee- us MIN-ih-mus) ``` Muscle of the Lower Extremity: Thigh Description Origin Insertion Action

Thick muscle deep to gluteus maximus; common site for intramuscular injections Ilium Femur Abducts and rotates thigh

Muscular System Flashcards

All Tables in chapter 7