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Human Biology Year 2 Semester 1 SUM > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

All Tables in chapter 7

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1
Q

Skeletal Muscle Tissue:

Location

Function

Cell Shape

Number of Nuclei

Striations

Type of Control

A

1) Attached to Bones
2) Produce body movement
3) Cylindrical
4) Many
5) Present
6) Voluntary

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2
Q

Visceral Muscle Tissue

Location

Function

Cell Shape

Number of Nuclei

Striations

Type of Control

A

1) Walls of internal organs and blood vessels
2) Contraction of Viscera and blood vessels
3) Spindle shaped with tapered ends
4) One
5) Absent
6) Involuntary

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3
Q

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Location

Function

Cell Shape

Number of Nuclei

Striations

Type of Control

A

1) Heart
2) Pumps blood through heart and blood vessels
3) Cylindrical, branching
4) One
5) Present
6) Involuntary

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4
Q

Frontalis (frun-TAL-is)

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Flat muscle that covers
forehead

2) Galea aponeurotica
3) Skin of eyebrow and nose
4) Raises eyebrows

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5
Q

Orbicularis oris

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(oar-BIK-yoo-lair-is OAR-is)

A

1) Circular muscle around mouth
2) Maxilla and mandible
3) Skin around lips
4) Closes and purses lips

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6
Q

Orbicularis oculi

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(oar-BIK-yoo-lair-is OK-yoo-lye)

A

1)Circular muscle around eyes

2)Maxilla and frontal
bones

3) Tissue of eyelid

4) Closes eye; winking,
blinking, squinting

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7
Q

Buccinator (BUK-sin-ay-ter)

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Horizontal cheek muscle;
deep to masseter

2) Maxilla and mandible
3) Corner of mouth

4) Compresses cheek;
trumpeter’s muscle

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8
Q

Zygomaticus

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Facial Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(zye-goh-MAT-ih-kus)

A

1) Extends diagonally from
corner of mouth to cheekbone

2) Zygomatic bone

3) Skin and muscle at
corner of mouth

4) Elevates corner of mouth
as in smiling

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9
Q

Temporalis (tem-por-AL-is)

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Mastication Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Flat, fan-shaped muscle over temporal lobe
2) Flat portion of temporal bone
3) Mandible
4) Closes jaw

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10
Q

Masseter (MASS-eh-ter)

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Mastication Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Covers lateral aspect of jaw
2) Zygomatic arch
3) Mandible
4) Closes jaw

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11
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Neck Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(stir-noh-klye-doh-MAS-toyd)

A

1) Straplike muscle that ascends obliquely over neck
2) Sternum and clavicle
3) Mastoid process
4) Flexes and rotates head

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12
Q

Trapezius (trah-PEEZ-ee-us)

Muscles of the Head and Neck: Neck Muscles

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Large, flat, triangular muscle on posterior neck and shoulder
2) Occipital bone and spine of thoracic vertebrae
3) Scapula
4) Extends head; also movesscapula

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13
Q

Erector spinae

Muscles of the Trunk: Muscles that move the Vertebral Column

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(ee-REK-ter SPY-nee)

A

1) Intrinsic back muscles on each side of vertebral column
2) Vertebrae
3) Superior vertebrae and ribs
4) Extends vertebral column

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14
Q

Deep back muscles

Muscles of the Trunk: Muscles that Move the
Vertebral Column

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Short, intrinsic muscles in space between spinous and transverse processes of vertebrae
2) Vertebrae
3) Vertebrae
4) Move vertebral column

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15
Q 
External intercostals (inter-KOS-
talz)

Muscles of the Trunk: Thoracic Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Short muscles in intercostals spaces between ribs
2) Ribs
3) Next rib below origin
4) Inspiration

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16
Q

Internal intercostals

Muscles of the Trunk: Thoracic Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(inter-KOS-talz)

A

1) Short muscles in intercostals spaces between ribs
2) Ribs
3) Next rib above origin
4) Forced expiration

17
Q

Diaphragm (DYE-ah-fram)

Muscles of the Trunk: Thoracic Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Dome-shaped muscle that forms partition between thorax and abdomen
2) Interior body wall
3) Central tendon of diaphragm
4) Inspiration

18
Q 
External oblique (ek-STIR-null
oh-BLEEK)

Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominal Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Largest and most superficial of lateral abdominal wall muscles
2) Rib cage
3) Iliac crest and fascia
4) Compresses abdomen

19
Q 
Internal oblique (in-TER-null
oh-BLEEK)

Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominal Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Underlies external oblique; fibers perpendicular to external oblique
2) Iliac crest and fascia
3) Lower ribs and fascia
4) Compresses abdomen

20
Q

Transversus abdominus

Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominal Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(trans-VER-sus ab-DOM-ih-nis)

A

1) Deepest muscles of abdominal wall; fibers fun horizontally
2) Fascia and lower ribs
3) Linea alba and pubis
4) Compresses abdomen

21
Q 
Rectus abdominus (REK-tus
ab-DOM-ih-nis)

Muscles of the Trunk: Abdominal Wall

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Long, straight muscle on each side of linea alba
2) Pubic bone
3) Ribs and sternum
4) Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen

22
Q

Pelvic diaphragm; primarily
levator ani muscle

Muscles of the Trunk: Pelvic Outlet

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Superior (deep) muscle hammock that forms floor of pelvic cavity
2) Pubis and ischium
3) Sacrum and coccyx
4) Supports and maintains position of pelvic viscera

23
Q

Urogenital diaphragm

Muscles of the Trunk: Pelvic Outlet

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Superficial to pelvic diaphragm; between two sides of pubic arch
2) Ischium and genitalia
3) Genitalia and perineum
4) Supports pelvic viscera and assists in function of genitalia

24
Q

Trapezius (trah-PEEZ-ee-us)

Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Triangular muscle on posterior neck and shoulder; right and left trapezius together form trapezoid
2) Occipital bone and vertebrae
3) Scapula
4) Adducts, elevates, and rotates scapula; also extends head

25
Q

Serratus anterior

Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(she-RAY-tus anterior)

A

1) Deep and inferior to pectoral muscles; forms medial wall of axilla; has serrated appearance
2) Ribs
3) Medial border of scapula
4) Pulls scapula anteriorly and downward

26
Q

Pectoralis major

Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(pek-tor-AL-iss MAY-jer)

A

1) Large, fan-shaped muscle that covers anterior chest
2) Sternum, clavicle, ribs
3) Humerus
4) Adducts and flexes arm across chest

27
Q

Latissimus dorsi

Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

(lah-TISS-ih-mus DOAR-sye)

A

1) Large, broad, flat muscle of lower back region; swimmer’s muscle
2) Vertebrae
3) Humerus
4) Adducts and medially rotates arm

28
Q

Deltoid (DELL-toyd)

Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Thick muscle that forms contour of shoulder
2) Clavicle and scapula
3) Humerus
4) Abducts arm

29
Q

Rotator cuff

Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Shoulder and Arm

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Group of four muscles that attach humerus to scapula and form cap or cuff over proximal humerus
2) Scapula
3) Humerus
4) Rotates arm

30
Q 
Triceps brachii (TRY-seps
BRAY-kee-eye)

Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Forearm and Hand

1) Description
2) Origin
3) Insertion
4) Action

A

1) Only muscle in posterior compartment of arm; has three heads of origin
2) Humerus and scapula
3) Olecranon of ulna
4) Extends forearm

31
Q 
Biceps brachii (BY-seps
BRAY-kee-eye)

Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Forearm and Hand

Description

Origin

Insertion

Action

A

Major muscle in anterior compartment
of arm; has two heads of origin

Scapula

Radius

Flexes and supinates
forearm

32
Q

Brachialis (bray-kee-AL-is)

Muscles of the Upper Extremity: Forearm and Hand

Description

Origin

Insertion

Action

A

Strong muscle deep to biceps brachii in
anterior compartment of arm

Humerus

Ulna

Flexes forearm

33
Q

Brachioradialis (bray-kee-oh-
ray-dee-AL-is)

Muscles of the upper Extremity: Forearm and Hand

Description

Origin

Insertion

Action

A

Superficial muscle on lateral forearm

Distal humerus

Distal radius

Flexes forearm

34
Q

Iliopsoas (ill-ee-oh-SOH-as)

Muscles of the Lower Extremity: Thigh

Description

Origin

Insertion

Action

A

Composite of iliacus and psoas muscles; located in groin

Iliac fossa and vertebrae

Femur

Flexes and rotates thigh

35
Q

Tensor fasciae latae (TEN-
soar FAH-she-ee LAY-tee)

Muscles of the Lower Extremity: Thigh

Description

Origin

Insertion

Action

A

Most lateral muscle in hip region

Anterior ilium

Tibia by way of iliotibial tract

Flexes and abducts thigh; synergist of iliopsoas

36
Q 
Gluteus maximus (GLOO-tee-
us MAK-sih-mus)

Muscles of the Lower Extremity: Thigh

Description

Origin

Insertion

Action

A

Largest and most superficial of gluteal muscles

Ilium, sacrum, and
coccyx

Femur

Extends thigh; antagonist of iliopsoas

37
Q 
Gluteus medius (GLOO-tee-
us MIN-ih-mus)

Muscle of the Lower Extremity: Thigh

Description

Origin

Insertion

Action

A

Thick muscle deep to gluteus maximus; common site for intramuscular injections

Ilium

Femur

Abducts and rotates thigh

38
Q
A

Human Biology Year 2 Semester 1 SUM (2 decks)

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