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Vet Prep Vet Terms > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

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2
Q

How do the different muscle tissues differ?

A

Microscopic anatomy, location and control by the nervous and endocrine system

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3
Q

What is the basic physiological property of muscle tissue?

A

Contractility: the ability to contract and shorten

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4
Q

4 physiological properties of muscle tissue

A

Excitability (irritability)
Extensibility
Elasticity
Contractility

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5
Q

Excitability (irritability)

A

The capacity to receive and respond to a stimulus

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6
Q

Extensibility

A

The ability to be stretched

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7
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability to return to original shape after being stretched or contracted

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8
Q

What type of muscle is attached primarily to bones and moves parts of the skeleton?

A

Skeletal

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle is striated

A

True

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10
Q

Striations

A

Produced by a characteristic arrangement of contractile proteins, myosin and actin

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle is an involuntary muscle

A

False

It can be made to contract and relax by conscious control

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12
Q

How are muscles attached to bones?

A

Tendons

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13
Q

The eternal sphincter of the bladder and diaphragm cause movement of the skeleton

A

False

And they do not attach to bone

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14
Q

What is a fascicles?

A

Bundles of muscle fibers in skeletal muscle

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15
Q

Epimysium

A

Enclosed fascicles

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16
Q

Fascicles are separated by connective tissue fibers of the…..

A

Perimysium

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17
Q

Muscles fibers in fascicles are surrounded by the

A

Endomysium

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18
Q

Satellite cells lie between the __________ and _______

A

Endomysium and muscle fibers

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19
Q

What is the function of satellite cells?

A

Repair damaged muscle tissue

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20
Q

Epimsium

A

Sheath of connective tissue surrounding the muscle

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21
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundle or cluster of muscle fibers

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22
Q

Perimysium

A

Sheath of connective tissue surrounding each fascicle

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23
Q

Muscle fiber

A

Muscle cell

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24
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of muscle cell

25
Q

Myofibiril

A

Threadlike structure running longitudinally through a muscle fiber

26
Q

Myosin

A

Thick filaments

27
Q

Actin (troponin and tropomyosin)

A

Thin filaments

28
Q

Myofilaments are arranged in

A

Sarcomeres

29
Q

What is the basic contractile unit of striated muscle fibers?

A

Sarcomeres

30
Q

Cardiac muscle is striated

A

True

But it looks very different from skeletal muscle

31
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

In the heart

32
Q

Myocardial cells are long/short and branched/unbranched

A

Short,branched

33
Q

Cardiac muscle is intimately interconnected to form continuous fabric

A

True

34
Q

Intercalated discs are found in all types of muscle

A

False

35
Q

What are intercalated disks

A

Special areas of contact between adjacent cardiac muscle cells

36
Q

Gap junctions

A

Found in intercalated discs and couple myocardial cells together mechanically and electrically

37
Q

Both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle can produce a graded contraction by varying the amount of cells stimulated to contract

A

False

Skeletal muscles can cardiac muscles cannot

38
Q

Why does cardiac muscle act as a whole?

A

All cells in the myocardium are electronically joined, by gap junctions. Stimulation of one cells results in the stimulation it all other cells and the whole heart contracts

39
Q

What is the driving force behind movement?

A

Muscle tissue

40
Q

The heart contracts to its fullest extent each time because all of its cells contribute to contraction

A

True

41
Q

How can the ability of myocardial cell contraction be increased?

A

Sympathetic systems and stretching of the heart chambers

42
Q

What are the 2 chambers of the heart?

A

Atria and ventricles

43
Q

Both skeletal and cardiac muscles require external stimulation by somatic motor nerves before they can produce action potentials and contract

A

False.

Cardiac muscle able to produce action potentials automatically

44
Q

Pacemaker

A

Group of cells that cardiac action potentials originate

45
Q

Transverse tubules

A

Small cylindrical invaginations of sarcolemma of striated muscle fiber hat conduct muscle croon potentials towards the center of the muscle fiber

Skeletal and cardiac muscle

46
Q

Smooth muscle fibers are short/long, __________shaped, and slender/thick

A

Short, spindle, slender

47
Q

Smooth muscle fibers contain more than one nucleus

A

False

1 nucleus, located near the center of the fiber at its widest point

48
Q

Troponin is present in smooth muscle fibers.

A

False

Actin, myosin and tropomyosin are present

49
Q

Smooth muscle is not striated

A

True

50
Q

Actin filaments in smooth muscle are attached to __________that are distributed throughout the __________in a network of intermediate filaments

A

Dense bodies, sarcoplasm

51
Q

Smooth muscles contract very quickly

A

False

52
Q

2 types of smooth muscle

A

Single unit and multiunit

53
Q

Single unit smooth muscle

A

Most common

Found in the walls of tubes and hollow organs (blood vessels, bladder)

54
Q

Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle contracts as a whole due to what

A

Cells are connected to one another by gap junctions

55
Q

Smooth muscles have pacemaker cells

A

True

In single unit cells

56
Q

Multiunit smooth muscles consist of individual fibers, each with its own motor neuron terminals

A

True

57
Q

All smooth muscle fibers cause contraction of all adjacent fibers.

A

False

Single unit cells contract all other cells
Multiunit cells only contract within that fiber

58
Q

Where are multiunit smooth muscle fibers found?

A

Walls of large arteries, bronchioles, radial and circular muscles of the iris that adjust pupil diameter and in the ciliary bodies that adjust focus of the lenses of the eye

59
Q

Sarcomeres are present in smooth muscle fibers

A

False

Vet Prep Vet Terms (2 decks)

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