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Muscular System > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions

A
  1. Movement of Body 2. Maintenance of Posture 3. Respiration 4. Production of Body Heat 5. Communication 6. Constriction of organs and vessels 7. Contraction of the Heart
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2
Q

Contractility

A

Ability of muscle to shorten forcefully

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3
Q

Excitability

A

Capacity of muscle to respond to stimulus

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4
Q

Extensibility

A

Muscle can stretch beyond its normal resting length and still be able to contract

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5
Q

Elasticity

A

Ability of muscle to recoil to its original resting length after its been stretched

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6
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

-responsible for locomotion, facial expressions, posture, respiratory functions, etc -has striations -voluntary and involuntary (RELFEXES)

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7
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

-Found in the walls of hollow organs and tubes, blood vessels, eyes, glands, and skin -no striations -involuntary

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8
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

-heart -has striations -involuntary- automatic nervous and endocrine systems

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers

A

muscle cell

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10
Q

Fasciculi

A

bundles of muscle

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11
Q

Perimyseum

A

heavy connective tissue layer surrounding fasciculi

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12
Q

Epimysium

A

layer of connective tissue surrounding the entire muscle- composed of dense collagenous connective tissue

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13
Q

Fascia

A

connective tissue sheets within the body

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14
Q

Muscular fascia

A

separates and compartmentalizes individual muscles or groups of muscles

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15
Q

Motor neurons

A

specialized nerve cells that stimulate muscles to contract

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16
Q
A

Muscle Structure

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17
Q

Striations

A

Alternating light and dark bands give a striped appearance

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18
Q

Myoblasts

A

less mature, multinucleated cells that develope into muscle fibers

19
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Enlargment of muscles due to an increase in SIZE of muscle fibers

20
Q

Sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

21
Q

External Lamina

A

deeper, thin layer of delicate connective tissue layer located on outside of sarcolemma

  • consists of reticular (collagen) fibers
22
Q

Endomysium

A

the other layer of the sarcolemma- much thicker

23
Q

Transverse Tubules (T Tubules)

A

tubelike invaginations of the sarcolemma

extend inward, connecting extracellular environment with interior of the muscle fibers

24
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A

highly organized smooth endoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm- cell packed with organelles including mitochondria and energy storing glycogen granules

26
Q

Myofibrils

A

bundles of protein filaments in the sarcoplasm

27
Q

Myofilaments

A

protein filaments in the myofibril

Actin- thin

Myosin- thick

28
Q

Sarcomeres

A

actin and myosin myofiliments for highly ordered units

joined end to end to form myofibrils

29
Q
A

Parts of a muscle

30
Q

Z Disk

A

filamentous network of protein forming a dislike structure for the attachment of actin myofilaments

31
Q

Isotropic Band (I Band)

A

includes a Z Disk- extends from each side of z disk to ends of myosin filaments

32
Q

Anisotropic Band (A Band)

A

extends the length of the myosin myofilaments within a sacromere

33
Q

H zone

A
  • in the center of each A band- actin and myosin myofilaments dont overlap
  • only myosin myofilaments are present
34
Q

M line

A

middle of H zone- delicate filaments attach to the center of myosin myofilaments

35
Q

Titin

A

largest know protein- holds actin and myosin in place– muscles ability to stretch and recoil

36
Q

Sliding Filament Model

A

shortening of sarcomeres that is responsible for contraction of skeletal muscles

37
Q

Action Potentials

A

electrical signals that travel from the brain or spinal cord along the axons to muscle fibers and causes them to contract

38
Q

Ion channels- 2 major types

A

nongated (leak) and gated

39
Q

Ligan-gated ion channels

A

open when a ligand (neurotransmitter), a chemical signal, binds to a receptor that is part of the ion channel

40
Q

Polarized

A

the inside of most plasma membranes is negatively charged compared with the outside

41
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

the charge difference across the plasma membrane of an unstimulated cell

42
Q

Action Potential- resting membrane potential

A

charge difference across the plasma membrane of cells

43
Q
A

Muscular System (1 decks)

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