Muscular System Flashcards
1
Q
These are tissues that enables movement and give shape to the body.
A
Muscles
2
Q
This is the study of muscles
A
Myology
3
Q
Three types of muscle
A
- Striated
- Cardiac
- Smooth
4
Q
Functions of muscle
A
- movement
- bone attachment
- protection
5
Q
___________ contract when actin and myosin filaments slide.
A
Myofibrils
6
Q
Muscles that bend body parts
A
Flexors
7
Q
Muscles that straighten body parts
A
Extensors
8
Q
Muscles that pull parts away from the body
A
Abductors
9
Q
Muscles that pull parts toward the body axis
A
Adductors
10
Q
Muscles that lower body parts
A
Depressors
11
Q
Muscles that raise body parts
A
Levators
12
Q
Muscles that constrict openings
A
Sphincters
13
Q
Muscles that compress spaces
A
Constricters
14
Q
Muscles that push parts away
A
Protractors
15
Q
Muscles that pull parts toward their base
A
Retractors
16
Q
Muscles that turn parts around their axes
A
Rotators
17
Q
Muscles that turn upward
A
Supinators
18
Q
Muscles that turn downward
A
Pronators
19
Q
These are muscles that oppose each other
A
Antagonists
20
Q
These are muscles that assist in a movement
A
Synergists
21
Q
Muscles of the head in dorsal view
A
- Orbicularis Oculi
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- Depressor Mandibulae
22
Q
Muscles in the area of the eyes
A
Orbicularis Oculi
23
Q
More general control on the mandible
A
Temporalis
24
Q
Elevates the mandible (closes the mouth)
A
Masseter
25
Depresses the mandible (opens the mouth)
Depressor Mandibulae
26
Muscles of the Forelimb in Dorsal View
1. Triceps/Triceps Brachii
2. Flexor Antebrachii
3. Extensor Digitorum Communis
27
Triceps is composed of three parts:
1. Long head
2. Lateral head
3. Medial head
28
Extend forelimb at elbow joint
Help in “pushing off” during locomotion
Mostly essential for landing during jumping
Triceps
29
Also help in stabilization during landing
For bending of forearm and elbow joint
Mostly found in the radio-ulna
Flexor Antebrachii
30
For movement of digits in the forelimb
From humerus to phalanges
Extensor Digitorum Communis
31
Muscles of the Trunk in Dorsal View
1. Dorsalis Scapulae
2. Latissimus Dorsi
3. Longissimus Dorsi
4. Illio-lumbaris/Iliolumbar
5. Coccygeo-sacralis
6. Coccygeo-illiacus
32
_________ focus on pelvis, while _______ focus on lower part of vertebrae
Illacus, sacralis
33
Help in rotational movement of scapula
Found in upper to middle part of shoulders
Dorsalis Scapulae
34
Involved in the movement of forelimb
Help in overall locomotion
Extends from trunk up to the forelimb
“Lateral”, side of the body
Latissimus Dorsi
35
Protects vertebral column
Extends from pelvic up to vertebral column
“Long”, along the back
Longissimus Dorsi
36
Muscle from ilium (pelvic bone) to lumbar vertebrae (lower part of vertebrae)
Assist in pelvic stability and hip extension
Ilio-lumbaris / Iliolumbar
37
Aid during jumping motion of frog
Connects coccyx (tail) and sacral region (lower part of spine downward)
Coccygeo-sacralis
38
Maintains posture during and after locomotion
Connects coccyx (tail) and ilium (pelvic bone
Coccygeo-iliacus
39
Muscles of the Head in Ventral View
1. Mylohyoid
2. Geniohyoid
40
Contribute in the feeding process, especially in tongue movement
Involved in the swallowing process than catching prey
Mylohyoid
41
Underneath the mylohyoid
Help tongue extend during catching prey
Geniohyoid
42
Muscles of the Forelimb in Ventral View
1. Deltoids
43
From shoulder blades to humerus
Help move the forelimbs during jumping and swimming
It mainly focuses on locomotion
Deltoids
44
Muscles of the Trunk in Ventral View
1. Sternoradialis
2. Pectoralis Major
3. Cutaneous Pectoris
4. Rectus Abdominis
5. External Obliques
6. Transversus
7. Linea Alba
45
Found in upper chest
Work with deltoids and triceps for movement
Sternoradialis
46
Generally support forelimb movement
Divided into two parts
Pectoralis Major
47
The abdomen part of Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Abdominis
48
The chest part of Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Sternalis
49
Aid in Skin Flattening / Skin Adjustment
Cutaneous Pectoris
50
Cutaneous Pectoris tighten so that frogs __________________________
blend into environment
51
Cutaneous Pectoris untighten so that frogs ________________________
appear larger and more intimidating to others
52
Helps in body complexion and stabilization.
Rectus Abdominis
53
Almost the same function of flexion, jumping, breathing, and stability
“Oblique” in position
External Obliques
54
Found in the deep abdominal wall
Help in efficient breathing and abdominal compression
Transversus
55
It is not a muscle but a tendonous seam that indicate where abdominal muscles meet (It is a connective tissue). Major function is connecting muscle fibers of the left and right part of the body.
Linea Alba
56
Muscle of the Thigh in Dorsal View
1. Triceps Femoris
2. Gluteus muscle
3. Semi-membranosus
4. Pyriformis
57
Muscle of the Thigh in Dorsal View
1. Sartorius Muscle
2. Adductor Longus
3, Adductor Magnus
4. Gracilis Major
5. Gracilis Minor
6. Semitendinosus
58
3 parts of the Triceps Femoris:
Vastus Externus
Rectos Femoris Anticus
Vastus Internus:
59
(Triceps Femoris) From the ridge of the Ilium
Vastus Externus
60
(Triceps Femoris) Ventral side of the Ilium
Rectos Femoris Anticus
61
(Triceps Femoris) From the anterior border of the Acetabulum
Vastus Internus
62
In between the vastus externus and rectos femoris anticus is the _____________. It originates from the ilium and inserts into the proximal end of the femur. It acts as rotator of the femur forward
gluteus muscle
63
Trace the triceps femoris posteriorly and notice the slender muscles, the biceps femoris, whose proximal end is partly covered by the ___________. It bends the legs and draws the thigh dorsally.
vastus externus
64
The large muscle found posterior to the biceps and with oblique markings is the _____________. It originates from the posterior part of the ischium and inserts into the proximal end of the tibio-fibula.
semi-membranosus
65
Between the vastus externus and semi membranosus is a short slender muscle, the _____________. It extends from the posterior tip of the urostyle and proximal end of the femur. It draws the femur dorsally and can pull the urostyle on one side.
pyriformis
66
It originates from the ilium in front of the pubis and is inserted by a tendon along the proximal end of the tibio-fibula. It bends the thigh and pulls it ventrally and forward
Sartorius Muscle
67
It pulls the thigh ventrally and forward.
Adductor Longus
68
It has two heads: the bigger short head originates from thick triangular muscle posterior to the adductor the ischium, while the smaller long head originates from the pubis. It adducts and abducts the thigh and can pull it forward
Adductor Magnus
69
It flexes or extends the shank and pulls the thigh backward
Gracilis Major
70
It has similar function with that of the gracilis major. Cut across the belly of the gracilis major and deflect the muscles.
Gracilis Minor
71
It originates from the ischium and is inserted into the end of the tibo-fibula. It can bend and adduct the leg.
Semitendinosus
72
Muscle of the Shank in Dorsal View
1. Gastrocnemius Muscle
2. Peroneus Muscle:
73
Muscle of the Shank in Ventral View
1. Tibialis Posticus
2. Extensor Cruris
3. Flexor Tarsi Anterior
4. Tibialis Anticus
74
This head of gastrocnemius muscle is attached to tripceps, passes through the knee.
Small head
75
This head of gastrocnemius muscle originates from distal femus and proximal tibio-fibula
Big head
76
attaches to the ankle and foot
Tendon of Achilles
77
Its function is flexor and extensor of the foot.
Gastrocnemius Muscle
78
Partially covered by gastrocnemius dorsally.
Originates from the distal femur, inserts into tibio-fibula and calcaneum.
Function: Extensor and flexor of the foot, extensor of the leg
Peroneus Muscle
79
Long, narrow muscle anterior to the
gastrocnemius.
Originates from the tibio-fibula, inserts
into the astragalus.
Function: Extends and bends the foot.
Tibialis Posticus
80
Short, slender muscle.
Originates from distal femur, inserts into tibio-fibula.
Function: Extends the foot.
Extensor Cruris
81
Narrow muscle distal to the extensor cruris.
Originates from tibio-fibula, inserts into the astragalus.
Function: Flexes and extends the foot.
Flexor Tarsi Anterior
82
Located on the anterior side of the shank.
Originates from distal femur.
Function: Flexes and extends the foot.
Tibialis Anticus
