Muscular System Flashcards
What is the primary function of the muscular system?
The primary function of the muscular system is to facilitate movement of the body.
True or False: Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control.
True
What type of muscle is found in the heart?
Cardiac muscle
Fill in the blank: The three types of muscle tissue are __________, smooth, and cardiac.
skeletal
What is the term for the arrangement of muscle fibers in a muscle?
Fascicle arrangement
Name one type of fascicle arrangement.
Parallel, pennate, circular, or convergent
True or False: Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs.
True
What does the term ‘origin’ refer to in muscle anatomy?
The origin is the attachment point of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during contraction.
What is the ‘insertion’ of a muscle?
The insertion is the attachment point of a muscle that moves during contraction.
Which type of muscle fiber arrangement allows for the greatest range of motion?
Parallel
What is the primary role of tendons?
Tendons connect muscles to bones.
Fill in the blank: The __________ of a muscle is the part that contracts and shortens.
belly
True or False: Pennate muscles have fibers that run parallel to the muscle’s long axis.
False
What is the function of the muscular system in maintaining posture?
To stabilize the body and maintain its position against gravity.
What is the term for the angle of pull of a muscle?
Line of action
What type of muscle arrangement is characterized by fibers that are short and attach to a central tendon?
Pennate
True or False: The fascicle arrangement can affect the strength and range of motion of a muscle.
True
What are circular muscles also known as?
Sphincters
Fill in the blank: The __________ system works closely with the skeletal system to produce movement.
muscular
What is a common example of a convergent muscle?
Pectoralis major
What does ‘muscle tone’ refer to?
The continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles.
True or False: All muscles can contract and relax.
True
Name a characteristic of smooth muscle.
Involuntary control and non-striated appearance.
What type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements?
Skeletal muscle
Fill in the blank: Muscles work in __________ to create movement.
pairs
What is the term for muscles that oppose the action of another muscle?
Antagonists
What is the role of synergist muscles?
To assist the prime mover in performing a movement.
True or False: All skeletal muscles are striated.
True
What is the function of the diaphragm in the muscular system?
To facilitate breathing by contracting and expanding the thoracic cavity.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the muscle that primarily performs a specific movement.
agonist
What is the role of the muscular system in thermoregulation?
Muscles generate heat through contraction, helping to maintain body temperature.
What is the term for a muscle that is responsible for the majority of a specific movement?
Prime mover
True or False: Muscle fibers can change their type based on training.
True
What describes a muscle’s ability to stretch and return to its original shape?
Elasticity
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle.
epimysium
What are the three connective tissue layers associated with muscles?
Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium.
True or False: Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers.
True
What is the primary role of the perimysium in muscle structure?
To provide support and protection to the fascicles.
What is a key feature of cardiac muscle?
It is striated and involuntary.
Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for movement and posture.
muscular
What is a lever?
A lever is a simple machine that consists of a rigid beam pivoted at a fixed point, known as the fulcrum.
True or False: Levers can only move objects in a straight line.
False
Fill in the blank: The three classes of levers are first-class, second-class, and _____ class.
third
Which class of lever has the fulcrum located between the effort and the load?
First-class lever
What is the mechanical advantage of a lever?
The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the output force to the input force.
Multiple Choice: In a second-class lever, where is the load located?
A) Between the fulcrum and the effort
Give an example of a first-class lever.
A seesaw or a pair of scissors.
True or False: The longer the arm of the lever, the greater the mechanical advantage.
True
What is the role of the fulcrum in a lever system?
The fulcrum acts as the pivot point around which the lever rotates.
Fill in the blank: In a third-class lever, the effort is applied _____ the load.
between
What does the term ‘longus’ refer to in muscle nomenclature?
It refers to a muscle that is long in length.
What does the term ‘brevis’ indicate in muscle terminology?
It indicates a muscle that is short in length.
True or False: The term ‘vastus’ means small.
False.
Fill in the blank: The muscle name ‘pectoralis major’ suggests a _____ size muscle located in the chest.
large
What is the primary difference between ‘longus’ and ‘brevis’ muscles?
The primary difference is their length; ‘longus’ muscles are longer, while ‘brevis’ muscles are shorter.
Which muscle term would you expect to describe a muscle that is both long and thin?
Longus.
Multiple Choice: What does the term ‘minor’ in muscle nomenclature generally refer to? A) Large B) Small C) Medium
B) Small
What does the prefix ‘rectus’ imply about the muscle’s orientation?
It implies that the muscle fibers run straight.
True or False: The term ‘teres’ means cylindrical.
True.
Fill in the blank: The term ‘oblique’ refers to muscles that run at a _____ angle to the body’s midline.
slanting
What is the meaning of the term ‘latissimus’?
It means the widest.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms describes a large muscle? A) Minor B) Major C) Brevis
B) Major
What does ‘quadratus’ refer to in muscle terminology?
It refers to a muscle that is square or rectangular in shape.
True or False: The term ‘sartorius’ refers to a muscle that is named for its function in sewing.
True.
What does ‘biceps’ indicate about a muscle?
It indicates that the muscle has two heads.
Fill in the blank: ‘Triceps’ indicates a muscle with _____ heads.
three
What does the term ‘flexor’ refer to?
It refers to a muscle that decreases the angle at a joint.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following terms means ‘straight’? A) Rectus B) Oblique C) Longus
A) Rectus
What does the term ‘adductor’ imply about a muscle’s function?
It implies that the muscle brings a limb closer to the midline.
True or False: The term ‘extensor’ refers to a muscle that increases the angle at a joint.
True.
Flexor is?
A) bending B) straightening C) moving away from midline
Extensor is _____
Straightening
Pronator means _____
Rotating palm down
