MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Question 1

In Sodium Potassium Ion pump _ Na+ ions out and _ K+ in by active transport

Answer 1

3,2

Question 2

The Threshold potential will trigger at?

Answer 2

-55mV

Question 3

When a stimulus is strong enough, it triggers the opening of
voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane. Sodium ions
rush into the cell, causing a rapid ____ inside of the cell becomes positive
relative to the outside.

Answer 3

Depolarization

Question 4

_____ is a critical phase in the action potential
process, following depolarization, where the membrane
potential of a neuron returns to its resting state.

Answer 4

Repolarization

Question 5

____ is a phase that can occur following an action potential, where the membrane potential of a neuron
becomes more negative than its resting state

Answer 5

Hyperpolarization

Question 6

____ is a specialized synapse where a motor neuron communicates with a skeletal muscle fiber. It plays a crucial role in initiating muscle contraction, which is essential for movement and motor control in the body.

Answer 6

Neuromuscular Junction

Question 7

____ is the prevailing explanation for muscle contraction. According to this theory, muscle
contraction occurs due to the sliding of thin actin filaments over thick myosin filaments within the muscle fibers.

Answer 7

Sliding Filament Theory

Question 8

The origin of a muscle is generally located:

Answer 8

Stationary End

Question 9

A muscle that assists the prime mover in performing its action

Answer 9

Synergist

Question 9

The muscle that opposes the action of another.

Answer 9

Antagonist

Question 9

The muscle that serves as the primary actor in a given movement.

Answer 9

Prime Mover

Question 10

The point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts.

Answer 10

Insertion

Question 11

The muscle that serves as the main antagonist to the quadriceps femoris
during knee flexion

Answer 11

Hamstrings

Question 12

This muscle is known for its role in plantar flexing the ankle

Answer 12

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

Question 13

This muscle is responsible for flexing the forearm at the elbow and supinating the forearm. It is located on the front part of the upper arm.

Answer 13

Biceps Brachii

Question 14

A major muscle of the shoulder, it is involved in both the abduction and
lateral rotation of the arm. It gives the shoulder its rounded shape.

Answer 14

Deltoid

Question 15

____ assists in the movement of the arm towards the
body, known as abduction.

Answer 15

Pectolaris Major

Question 16

The quadriceps acts as the ____

Answer 16

Primary Knee Extensors

Question 17

What is the term for the amount of oxygen needed to
compensate for ATP produced without oxygen during
muscle contraction?

Answer 17

Oxygen Debt

Question 18

Which of the following exercises typically involve
isometric contractions?

Answer 18

Planks

Question 19

During which phase of a bicep curl is the bicep muscle
likely undergoing an eccentric contraction?

Answer 19

Lowering the weight

Question 20

It is the end product of glycolysis when oxygen is not
available.

Answer 20

Lactic Acid

Question 21

The molecule that stores energy in its phosphate bonds
and acts as a quick source of ATP regeneration in
muscle cells.

Answer 21

Creatine Phosphate

Question 22

It is the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP in the
absence of oxygen.

Answer 22

Glycolysis

Question 23

The type of contraction where the muscle generate
force but does not change in length

Answer 23

Isometric

Question 24

This type of muscle contraction is more prone to
causing muscle fatigue quickly

Answer 24

Isotonic

Question 25

Aerobic respiration is ___ efficient in producing ATP
compared to anaerobic glycolysis.

Answer 25

more

Question 26

Refers to the continuous and passive partial
contraction of the muscles, providing a state of
readiness to act. It’s essential for maintaining posture
and balance

Answer 26

Muscle Tone

Question 27

Refers to increased muscle tone, causing stiffness and
restricted movement.

Answer 27

Hypertonia

Question 27

Characterized by low muscle tone and weakness, often
leading to poor posture and motor skills.

Answer 27

Hypotonia

Question 27

Rely on aerobic respiration to fuel muscle contractions
and are ideal for long-term endurance

Answer 27

Slow-twitch Muscle

Question 27

Fast-twitch muscle fibers rely on ___ respiration for
fuel.

Answer 27

Aerobic

Question 27

Found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as
blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and uterus, is under the control of the autonomic nervous
system.

Answer 27

Smooth Muscle

Question 28

Represents a balanced state of muscle tone, allowing
for efficient movement and posture control

Answer 28

Normal Tone

Question 29

______ muscles contribute to long-term endurance
during activities like marathon running.

Answer 29

Slow-twitch

Question 30

____ power is a function of fast-twitch muscles,
providing the ability for slow, intense movements

Answer 30

Explosive

Question 31

It act as the cell membrane of a muscle fiber

Answer 31

Sarcolemma

Question 32

What is the long proteins that hold the myofibrils together are
organized into thick and thin filaments.

Answer 32

Myofilaments

Question 33

What do you call the functional unit of myofibril?

Answer 33

Sacromeres

Question 34

It surrounds the extracellular matrix of the cells and plays a role in
transferring force produced by the muscle fibers to the tendons

Answer 34

Endomysium

Question 35

5 major properties of Muscles

Answer 35

Excitability Contractility Extensibility Elasticity Adaptability