MUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
In Sodium Potassium Ion pump _ Na+ ions out and _ K+ in by active transport
3,2
The Threshold potential will trigger at?
-55mV
When a stimulus is strong enough, it triggers the opening of
voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane. Sodium ions
rush into the cell, causing a rapid ____ inside of the cell becomes positive
relative to the outside.
Depolarization
_____ is a critical phase in the action potential
process, following depolarization, where the membrane
potential of a neuron returns to its resting state.
Repolarization
____ is a phase that can occur following an action potential, where the membrane potential of a neuron
becomes more negative than its resting state
Hyperpolarization
____ is a specialized synapse where a motor neuron communicates with a skeletal muscle fiber. It plays a crucial role in initiating muscle contraction, which is essential for movement and motor control in the body.
Neuromuscular Junction
____ is the prevailing explanation for muscle contraction. According to this theory, muscle
contraction occurs due to the sliding of thin actin filaments over thick myosin filaments within the muscle fibers.
Sliding Filament Theory
The origin of a muscle is generally located:
Stationary End
A muscle that assists the prime mover in performing its action
Synergist
The muscle that opposes the action of another.
Antagonist
The muscle that serves as the primary actor in a given movement.
Prime Mover
The point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts.
Insertion
The muscle that serves as the main antagonist to the quadriceps femoris
during knee flexion
Hamstrings
This muscle is known for its role in plantar flexing the ankle
Gastrocnemius and Soleus
This muscle is responsible for flexing the forearm at the elbow and supinating the forearm. It is located on the front part of the upper arm.
Biceps Brachii
A major muscle of the shoulder, it is involved in both the abduction and
lateral rotation of the arm. It gives the shoulder its rounded shape.
Deltoid
____ assists in the movement of the arm towards the
body, known as abduction.
Pectolaris Major
The quadriceps acts as the ____
Primary Knee Extensors
What is the term for the amount of oxygen needed to
compensate for ATP produced without oxygen during
muscle contraction?
Oxygen Debt
Which of the following exercises typically involve
isometric contractions?
Planks
During which phase of a bicep curl is the bicep muscle
likely undergoing an eccentric contraction?
Lowering the weight
It is the end product of glycolysis when oxygen is not
available.
Lactic Acid
The molecule that stores energy in its phosphate bonds
and acts as a quick source of ATP regeneration in
muscle cells.
Creatine Phosphate
It is the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP in the
absence of oxygen.
Glycolysis
The type of contraction where the muscle generate
force but does not change in length
Isometric
This type of muscle contraction is more prone to
causing muscle fatigue quickly
Isotonic
Aerobic respiration is ___ efficient in producing ATP
compared to anaerobic glycolysis.
more
Refers to the continuous and passive partial
contraction of the muscles, providing a state of
readiness to act. It’s essential for maintaining posture
and balance
Muscle Tone
Refers to increased muscle tone, causing stiffness and
restricted movement.
Hypertonia
Characterized by low muscle tone and weakness, often
leading to poor posture and motor skills.
Hypotonia
Rely on aerobic respiration to fuel muscle contractions
and are ideal for long-term endurance
Slow-twitch Muscle
Fast-twitch muscle fibers rely on ___ respiration for
fuel.
Aerobic
Found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as
blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and uterus, is under the control of the autonomic nervous
system.
Smooth Muscle
Represents a balanced state of muscle tone, allowing
for efficient movement and posture control
Normal Tone
______ muscles contribute to long-term endurance
during activities like marathon running.
Slow-twitch
____ power is a function of fast-twitch muscles,
providing the ability for slow, intense movements
Explosive
It act as the cell membrane of a muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
What is the long proteins that hold the myofibrils together are
organized into thick and thin filaments.
Myofilaments
What do you call the functional unit of myofibril?
Sacromeres
It surrounds the extracellular matrix of the cells and plays a role in
transferring force produced by the muscle fibers to the tendons
Endomysium
5 major properties of Muscles
Excitability Contractility Extensibility Elasticity Adaptability
