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anat and phys > muscular system > Flashcards

muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Usually attached to bones
Voluntary control
Striated

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2
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, skin
Involuntary
Not striated

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3
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Wall of heart
Involuntary
Striated

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4
Q

Structure of a Muscle

A

Muscle (belly)
Fascicles
Muscle fibers

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5
Q

what is the muscle covered in

A

fascia and epimysium

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6
Q

Fascicles

A

bundles of muscle fibers

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7
Q

Muscle fibers

A

individual muscle cells

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8
Q

Structure of a Muscle Fiber

A

Sarcolemma
myofibrills
actin
myosin
sarcomeres

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9
Q

Sarcolemma

A

cell membrane of a muscle cell

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10
Q

Myofibrils

A

fundamental role in muscle contractions

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11
Q

actin

A

thin protein fillaments

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12
Q

myosin

A

thick protein fillament

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13
Q

sarcomeres

A

structural and functional unit of myofibrils

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14
Q

motor unit

A

muscle fibers controlled by motor neuron

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15
Q

motor neuron stimulates release of _____ a neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

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16
Q

where does muscle contraction occur

A

neuromuscular junction

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17
Q

muscle impulse

A

chemical reaction on muscle tissue

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18
Q

muscle impulses release _____ into cytoplasm (part one of contraction)

A

calcium ions

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19
Q

calcium binds to _____ which changes shape (part 2 of contraction)

A

actin filament

20
Q

actin and myosin filament binds via _____ (part 3 of contraction)

A

myosin cross-bridges

21
Q

power stroke (cross-bridge cycling)

A

myosin heads pull actin towards center of sarcomere

22
Q

ATP binds to _____ this is where myosin cross bridge releases

A

myosin

23
Q

ATP is split, where does the myosin head go?

A

back to original spot and is ready to bind again

24
Q

contractions continues as long as _____ and ___ are present

A

Ca and ATP

25
Q

ATP is produced by

A

cellular respiration

26
Q

sliding filament model

A

sarcomeres shorten when myofilaments slide past. Z lines then move closer together

27
Q

Relaxation

A

when motor stimulants say stop:
*Ca moves to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
*ATP bines to the myosin head and breaks cross-bridge
*actin goes back to shape bc of the absence of Ca
`

28
Q

muscle fatigue

A

inability to contract or relax muscles

29
Q

causes of muscle fatigue

A

decrease in blood flow
accumulation of lactic acid
imbalance of ions

30
Q

cramp

A

involuntary muscle contraction

31
Q

heat production

A

by product of cell. res.
skeletal muscles
blood distributes heat

32
Q

location of the smooth muscle

A

lining of hollow organs
blood vessels
other viscera

33
Q

what fibers do smooth muscles have

A

short

34
Q

smooth muscles are usually single and located in ___

A

nucleus

35
Q

smooth muscles are ___ with tapering ends

A

elongated

36
Q

cardiac muscles are located in

A

the heartt

37
Q

cardiac muscles are joined together by _____

A

intercalated disks

38
Q

branched network of cardiac fibers contracts as

A

units

39
Q

cardiac muscles are self exciting and ___-

A

rhythmic

40
Q

origin of skeletal muscle

A

immovable end

41
Q

insertion of skeletal muscle

A

movable

42
Q

prime mover (skeletal)

A

responsible for movement

43
Q

synergists

A

assist the prime mover

44
Q

antagonist (skeletal)

A

resist prime mover and moves in opposite direction

45
Q

life-span changes

A

-decline of myoglobin, ATP, and phosphate
-muscle mass wastes away
adipose cells and -connective tissues replace muscle tissues

anat and phys (3 decks)

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