muscular system

Question 1

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 1

Usually attached to bones
Voluntary control
Striated

Question 2

Smooth Muscle

Answer 2

Walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, skin
Involuntary
Not striated

Question 3

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 3

Wall of heart
Involuntary
Striated

Question 4

Structure of a Muscle

Answer 4

Muscle (belly)
Fascicles
Muscle fibers

Question 5

what is the muscle covered in

Answer 5

fascia and epimysium

Question 6

Fascicles

Answer 6

bundles of muscle fibers

Question 7

Muscle fibers

Answer 7

individual muscle cells

Question 8

Structure of a Muscle Fiber

Answer 8

Sarcolemma
myofibrills
actin
myosin
sarcomeres

Question 9

Sarcolemma

Answer 9

cell membrane of a muscle cell

Question 10

Myofibrils

Answer 10

fundamental role in muscle contractions

Question 11

actin

Answer 11

thin protein fillaments

Question 12

myosin

Answer 12

thick protein fillament

Question 13

sarcomeres

Answer 13

structural and functional unit of myofibrils

Question 14

motor unit

Answer 14

muscle fibers controlled by motor neuron

Question 15

motor neuron stimulates release of _____ a neurotransmitter

Answer 15

Acetylcholine

Question 16

where does muscle contraction occur

Answer 16

neuromuscular junction

Question 17

muscle impulse

Answer 17

chemical reaction on muscle tissue

Question 18

muscle impulses release _____ into cytoplasm (part one of contraction)

Answer 18

calcium ions

Question 19

calcium binds to _____ which changes shape (part 2 of contraction)

Answer 19

actin filament

Question 20

actin and myosin filament binds via _____ (part 3 of contraction)

Answer 20

myosin cross-bridges

Question 21

power stroke (cross-bridge cycling)

Answer 21

myosin heads pull actin towards center of sarcomere

Question 22

ATP binds to _____ this is where myosin cross bridge releases

Answer 22

myosin

Question 23

ATP is split, where does the myosin head go?

Answer 23

back to original spot and is ready to bind again

Question 24

contractions continues as long as _____ and ___ are present

Answer 24

Ca and ATP

Question 25

ATP is produced by

Answer 25

cellular respiration

Question 26

sliding filament model

Answer 26

sarcomeres shorten when myofilaments slide past. Z lines then move closer together

Question 27

Relaxation

Answer 27

when motor stimulants say stop:
*Ca moves to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
*ATP bines to the myosin head and breaks cross-bridge
*actin goes back to shape bc of the absence of Ca
`

Question 28

muscle fatigue

Answer 28

inability to contract or relax muscles

Question 29

causes of muscle fatigue

Answer 29

decrease in blood flow
accumulation of lactic acid
imbalance of ions

Question 30

cramp

Answer 30

involuntary muscle contraction

Question 31

heat production

Answer 31

by product of cell. res.
skeletal muscles
blood distributes heat

Question 32

location of the smooth muscle

Answer 32

lining of hollow organs
blood vessels
other viscera

Question 33

what fibers do smooth muscles have

Answer 33

short

Question 34

smooth muscles are usually single and located in ___

Answer 34

nucleus

Question 35

smooth muscles are ___ with tapering ends

Answer 35

elongated

Question 36

cardiac muscles are located in

Answer 36

the heartt

Question 37

cardiac muscles are joined together by _____

Answer 37

intercalated disks

Question 38

branched network of cardiac fibers contracts as

Answer 38

units

Question 39

cardiac muscles are self exciting and ___-

Answer 39

rhythmic

Question 40

origin of skeletal muscle

Answer 40

immovable end

Question 41

insertion of skeletal muscle

Answer 41

movable

Question 42

prime mover (skeletal)

Answer 42

responsible for movement

Question 43

synergists

Answer 43

assist the prime mover

Question 44

antagonist (skeletal)

Answer 44

resist prime mover and moves in opposite direction

Question 45

life-span changes

Answer 45

-decline of myoglobin, ATP, and phosphate
-muscle mass wastes away
adipose cells and -connective tissues replace muscle tissues