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HAPP LAB > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q



The muscular system includes all voluntary skeletal muscles. The human body has about _______muscles. These muscles are named based on several criteria: shape, size, direction of fibers, origin and insertion, number of heads, action, location, and any combination of these.

axial division:

appendicular division:

A

700

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2
Q

To facilitate our study of muscles, we shall discuss them by division. Just like in the skeletal system, muscles of the body are divided into_____ and _____divisions.

A

axial and appendicular

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3
Q

The muscles comprising each division will be grouped as follows:

Axial division:

Appendicular Division:

A

axial division:
muscles of the head and neck
muscles of the vertebral column
muscles of the trunk
muscles of the pelvic floor

appendicular division:
muscles include the group of muscles of the upper extremities, muscles of the hip, and lower extremities.

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4
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
Occipital bone, ligamentum ucha, spinous process of thoracic vertebra

Insertion:
temporal bone

Action:
Both Muscles- Flexes Head
One muscle- rotates head toward opposite shoulder

A

Sternocleiodomastoid

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5
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
sternal end of clavicle and manubrium

Insertion:
scapula and clavicle

Action:
Extends head and neck

A

Trapezius

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6
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
Galea aponeurotica

Insertion:
skin of eyebrow and bridge of nose

Action:
raises eyebrows
wrinkles forehead

A

epicranius
frontalis

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7
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
Occipital and mastoid process of temporal bone

Insertion:
epicranial aponeurosis

Action:
tenses and draws scalp posteriorly

A

epicranius
occipitalis

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8
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
Medial margin of orbit

Insertion:
skin around eyelids

Action:
closes eye

A

orbicularis oculi

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9
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
zygomatic bone

Insertion:
angle of mouth

Action:
raises angle of mouth, as in smiling

A

zygomaticus major

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10
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
zygomatic bone

Insertion:
upper lip

Action:
elevates upper lip exposes maxillary teeth

A

zygomaticus minor

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11
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
maxilla mandible

Insertion:
blends into fiber of orbicularis oris

Action:
compresses cheeks as in blowing, whistling

A

buccinator
(mastication)

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12
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
maxilla and mandible

Insertion:
angle of mouth (lips)

Action:
closes mouth; puckers the lip

A

orbicularis oris

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13
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
inferior margin of the orbit

Insertion:
orbicularis oris

Action:
elevates upper lip

A

levator labii superioris

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14
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
body of the mandible

Insertion:
skin at angle of mouth

Action:
depresses angle of mouth

A

depressor anguli oris

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15
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
zygomatic arch

Insertion:
lateral surface of ramus of mandible

Action:
raises and closes the jaw

A

masseter

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16
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:
temporal fossa

Insertion:
coronoid process of the mandible

Action:
elevates mandible

A

temporalis

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17
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:

Insertion:
medial surface of ramus of mandible

Action:
medial: raises the mandible and c loses the jaw

A

medial pterygoid

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18
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Origin:

Insertion:
medial surface of ramus of mandible

Action:
lateral: opens jaw, potrudes the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid

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19
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
vertebrae ribs and pelvis

Insertion:
superior vertebrae, ribs

Action:
maintains erect posture of vertebral colum

A

erector spinae
-iliocostalis
-longissimus
-spinalis

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20
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
cervical vertebrae

Insertion:
first two ribs

Action:
raises ribs and expands thorax

A

scalene

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21
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
inferior border of each rib

Insertion:
superior border of more inferior rib

Action:
elevates rib

A

external intercostals

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22
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
superior border of each rib

Insertion:
inferior border of the preceding rib

Action:
depresses ribs

A

internal intercostals

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23
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
superior surface of pubis

Insertion:
inferior costal cartilase 5th and 7th ribs, xiphoid process

Action:
depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen

A

rectus abdominis

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24
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
cartilages of ribs 6-12 ribs, iliac crest and lumbodorsal fascia

Insertion:
linea alba and pubis

Action:
compresses abdomen

A

transversus abdominnis

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25
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
lumbodorsal fascia and iliac crest

Insertion:
inferior ribs, xiphoid process and linea alba

Action:
compresses abdomen, depress ribs, bends spine

A

internal oblique

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26
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
external and inferior border of ribs 5-12

Insertion:
linea alba and iliac crest and rectus sheath

Action:
compresses abdomen depresses ribs, bends spine

A

external oblique

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27
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
skull and vertebral column C7-C12

Insertion:
Scapula

Action:
extends head and rotates scapula

A

trapezius

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28
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
T1-T4 vertebrae

Insertion:
scapula

Action:
retracts scapula

A

rhomboideus

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29
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
C1-C4

Insertion:
scapula

Action:
raises scapula and lateral flexes

A

levator scapula

30
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
ribs 1-9

Insertion:
scapula

Action:
protracts scapula

A

serratus anterior

31
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
clavicle, sternum, first 6 ribs

Insertion:
greater tubercle of humerus

Action:
prime mover of arm flexion: adducts and medialy rotates arm

A

pectoralis major

32
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
ribs

Insertion:
scapula

Action:
depresses scapula

A

pectoralis minor

33
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
scapula

Insertion:
humerus

Action:
extends shoulders

A

teres major

34
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
spinous processes of T7-L-5

Insertion:
humerus

Action:
extends shoulders and adducts arm

A

latissimus dorsi

35
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
scapula

Insertion:
humerus

Action:
stabilizes shoulder, abducts arm

A

supraspinatus

36
Q

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Origin:
scapula

Insertion:
humerus

Action:
extends and rotates arm

A

infraspinatus

37
Q

MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR AND PERINEUM

Origin:
pubis

Insertion:
coccyx, anal, canal, urethra, and central tendon of perineum

Action:
constricts anus, urethra and vagina: resists increased intra-abdominal pressure; and supports fetal head during childbirth

A

Levator Ani
pubococcygeus

38
Q

MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR AND PERINEUM

Origin:
iliac spine

Insertion:
coccyx

Action:
constricts anus, urethra and vagina: resists increased intra-abdominal pressure; and supports fetal head during childbirth

A

Levator Ani
iliococcygeus

39
Q

MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR AND PERINEUM

Origin:
Ischial spine

Insertion:
Lower sacrum and coccyx

Action:
supports pelvic viscera, resist intra abdominal pressure, pulls coccyx anteriorly after defacation or childbirth

A

coccygeus

40
Q

MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR AND PERINEUM

Origin:
ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
Central tendon of perineum

Action:
Stabilizes central tendon of perineum

A

Superficial transverse perineus

41
Q

MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR AND PERINEUM

Origin:
central tendon of perineum

Insertion:
males: dorsal surface and bulb of penis
Females: base of clitoris

Action:
males: aids in urine and semen expulsion and erection of penis
females: constricts vaginal orifice, and assists in erection of clitoris

A

bulbospongiosus

42
Q

MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR AND PERINEUM

Origin:
ischial ramus

Insertion:
corpus cavernosum

Action:
compresses and stiffens penis or clitoris

A

ischiocavernosus

43
Q

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
scapula, clavicle

Insertion:
deltoid tuberosity

Action:
abducts arm; flexes and extends shoulders

A

deltoid

44
Q

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
coracoid process of scapula

Insertion:
radial tuberosity

Action:
flexes elbow and supinates forearm

A

biceps brachii

45
Q

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
humerus

Insertion:
coronoid process of ulna

Action:
flexes elbow

A

brachialis

46
Q

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
humerus

Insertion:
styloid process of radius

Action:
flexes forearm (synergist of brachialis)

A

brachioradialis

47
Q

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Insertion:
radius

Action:
pronates forearm

A

pronator teres

48
Q

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
humerus (medial epicondyle)

Insertion:
2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Action:
flexes the wrist and abducts hand

A

flexor carpi radialis

49
Q

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
humerus (medial epicondyle)

Insertion:
aponeurosis over the palm

Action:
tightens skin of palm

A

palmaris longus

50
Q

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
humerus (medial epicondyle) and ulna

Insertion:
pisiform, hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal

Action:
flexes and adducts hand at wrist joint

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

51
Q

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
humerus and glenoid fossa

Insertion:
olecranon process of ulna

Action:
extends forearm (antagonist of biceps brachii)

A

Triceps brachii

52
Q

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
humerus

Insertion:
2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Action:
extends and abducts wrist

A

extensor carpi radialislongus

53
Q

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
humerus (lateral epicondyle)

Insertion:
distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits

Action:
extends fingers, and flares or adducts fingers

A

extensor digitorum

54
Q

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
humerus (lateral epicondyle)

Insertion:
5th metacarpal

Action:
extends and adducts wrist

A

extensor carpi ulnaris

55
Q

ANTERO-MEDIAL MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
vertebrae and ilium

Insertion:
femur and hip capsule

Action:
flexes hip

A

Iliopsoas

56
Q

ANTERO-MEDIAL MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
iliac spine

Insertion:
tibia

Action:
flexes thigh and laterally rotates it; flexes knee

A

sartorius

57
Q

ANTERO-MEDIAL MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
ischial and pubic rami

Insertion:
linea spera of femur

Action:
adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh (synergist in thigh extension)

A

adductors
magnus

58
Q

ANTERO-MEDIAL MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin: pubis

Insertion:

Action:
adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh (synergist in thigh extension)

A

adductors
longus

59
Q

ANTERO-MEDIAL MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin: Body of Pubis

Insertion:

Action:
adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates thigh (synergist in thigh extension)

A

Adductors
brevis

60
Q

ANTERO-MEDIAL MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
a) ilium
b) greater trochanter of femur
c) femur
d) femur

Insertion:
all tibial tuberosity

Action:
a) extends knee and flexes hip
b) extends knee
c) extends knee
d) extends knee

A

Quadriceps Femoris

a) Rectus femoris
b) vastus Lateralis
c) Vastus Medialis
d) Vastus intermedius

61
Q

ANTERO-MEDIAL MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
tibia

Insertion:
first cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

Action:
dorsiflexes foot (prime mover); and inverts foot

A

tibialis anterior

62
Q

ANTERO-MEDIAL MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
tibia and fibula

Insertion:
distal phalanges

Action:
dorsiflexes foot

A

extensor digitorum longus

63
Q

ANTERO-MEDIAL MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
fibula

Insertion:
tarsal and metatarsals

Action:
plantar flexes and everts foot

A

peroneus (fibularis)

64
Q

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

Insertion:
greater trochanter of femur

Action:
extends thigh and laterally rotates thigh

A

gluteus maximus

65
Q

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
ilium

Insertion:
greater trochanter of femur

Action:
abducts thigh and medially rotates thigh

A

gluteus medius

66
Q

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
iliac spine

Insertion:
tibia

Action:
flexes hip and abducts thigh

A

tensor fasciae latae

67
Q

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
a) ischial tuberosity and femur
b) ischial tuberosity
c) ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
a) head of fibula
b) proximal tibia
c) proximal tibia

Action:
a) extends thigh and laterally flexes knee
b) extends thigh, flexes knee, and rotates leg medially
c) extends thigh, flexes knee, and rotates leg medially

A

Hamstring

a) biceps femoris
b) semitendinosus
c) semimembranosus

68
Q

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
femur and knee capsule

Insertion:
calcaneus

Action:
plantar flexes foot

A

Gastrocnemius

69
Q

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
tibia and fibula

Insertion:
calcaneus

Action:
plantar flexes foot

A

soleus

70
Q

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

Origin:
femur

Insertion:
calcaneus

Action:
plantar flexes foot and flexes leg at knee joint

A

plantaris

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