Muscular System Flashcards
3 types of muscle tissue
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Involuntary muscle
Found in the walls of the digestive system
Regulates digestion and blood pressure
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary muscle
Theses muscles are connected to the skeletal system through tendons
Functions are to contract to produce movement, sustain body posture and position, maintain body temperature, store nutrients, and stabilize joints
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary
Only found in the walls of the heart
Does not fatigue
Forces blood through blood vessels to all parts of the body
6 antagonistic pairs
Biceps - Triceps
Hamstrings - Quadriceps
Gluteus maximus - Hip flexors
Gastrocnemius - Tibialis anterior
Abdominals - Erector spinae
Pectoralis major - Latissimus dorsi
Agonist
The muscle that is contracting is called the agonist.
Antagonist
The muscle that is relaxing or lengthening is called the antagonist.
Synergist
Synergist muscles act around a moveable joint to produce motion similar to or in concert with agonist muscles. They often act to reduce excessive force generated by the agonist muscle and are referred to as neutralizers.
Fixator
Fixator muscles are stabilizers which also work in the movement. Their role is to stabilise the origin so that the agonist can achieve maximum and effective contraction. The fixator muscle increases in tension but does not allow any movement to take place.
Origin
The fixed end of a muscle that remains stationary.
Insertion
The end of the muscle that moves. The insertion normally crosses over a joint to allow movement when a muscle shortens.
Elbow joint
Antagonistic pair - Bicep, Tricep
Movement produced - Flexion, Extension
Sporting example - Chest pass in netball, Badminton smash
Knee joint
Antagonistic pair - Hamstring, Quadricep
Movement produced - Flexion, Extension
Sporting example - Jumping to block in basketball, Tuck jump in trampoline
Shoulder
Antagonistic pair - Latissimas dorsi, Deltoid
Movement produced - Adduction, Abduction
Sporting example - Golf swing, Breaststroke arms