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Human Anatomy Quiz 2 > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal

A

Striated, one long continuous fibers and moves out skeleton

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2
Q

Cardiac

A

Striated, darker lines called intercalated disks and has branches like a tree. Moves your heart

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3
Q

Smooth

A

Non striated, GI tract, and intestines when you eat. One big tube of smooth muscle moving food.

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4
Q

What is common between skeletal cardiac and smooth?

A

They move things and they generate heat to contract ATP from the mitochondria

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5
Q

Metabolism

A

Signalling via Myokines and touching far distant tissues.

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6
Q

Mature myocytes

A

Helps repair muscle after being torn

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7
Q

Satellite cells

A

Used for repair

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8
Q

Neurons

A

Messages from axons to contract

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9
Q

Myocytes

A

Muscle fibers

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10
Q

Schwann cells

A

Another type of neuronal cells for support and increase speed of signal

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11
Q

Adipocytes

A

Fat cells in our muscles provides energy and cushion for protection for muscles to contract.

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12
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Produce collagen and fiber in connective tissues

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13
Q

Immune cells

A

Everywhere in the body, smooth muscle cells, vascularization from blood oxygen nutrition where blood vessel have smooth muscle layers

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14
Q

Endothelial cells

A

Deeps layer is the epithelial. Forms a single cell layer that lines all blood vessels and regulates exchanges between the bloodstream and surrounding tissues

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15
Q

Blood cells and hematopoietic stem cells

A

Are just pre blood cells and blood cells within that

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16
Q

Fascicles

A

A bundle of structures such as nerve or muscles fibers covered by the perimysium

17
Q

Perimysium

A

The sheath of connective tissue surrounding bundles of muscle fibers to form the fascicles

18
Q

Endomysium layer

A

Surrounds the muscles fibers with a delicate layer. Provides nutrition and capillaries

19
Q

Epimysium

A

Connective tissue that Surrounds the entire muscle

20
Q

Sarcolemma

A

The fine transparent tubular sheath which envelops the fibers of skeletal muscles

21
Q

Sarcomeres

A

The smallest contractile unit of the skeletal striated muscle made from the myofibril of actin(thin) and myosin(thick). Also separated by zig zag lines. Two zlines is 1 sarcomere

22
Q

Fascia

A

Dense connective tissue layer around the muscles

23
Q

What is the order?

A

Epimysium->perimysium->fascicles->endomysium->myofibers-> myofibrils-> actin and myosin for contraction

24
Q

What is type 1 muscle fiber type?

A

Slow twitch: thinner and relies on oxidative metabolism energy system. Darker in color because hemoglobin has more iron in it and this carries more red blood cells. Has more mitochondria than type 2 since it builds off stability and lasting longer so needs more ATP.

25
Q

What is type x muscle fiber?

A

Crossover between 1 and 2: fast oxidative glycolytic

26
Q

What is type 2b muscle fiber?

A

Stronger and faster and EXPLOSIVE ENERGY. but gets more fatigued and lacks stability. It is lighter in color with less blood supply. Glycolytic energy system

27
Q

All of none principle

A

Motor neuron innervates those fibers, all contract/or none will contract within a motor unit.

28
Q

Pattern of motor unit recruitment

A

Recruit small or big, type 1 or type 2. There is a pattern

29
Q

What happens in muscle contraction?

A
  1. Motor neuron stimulates skeletal muscle cell.
  2. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  3. Cross-Bridge cycling/contraction
30
Q

Shortened version of muscle contraction

A

-depolarization and calcium ion release
-actin and myosin cross-bridge formation
-sliding mechanism of actin and myosin filaments
-sarcomere shortening (muscle contraction)

31
Q

7 steps of MC

A
  1. Action potential generated which stimulates muscle
  2. Ca2+ released
  3. Ca2+ binds to troponin, shifts actin and exposes binding sites
  4. Myosin cross bridges attach and detach, pulling actin filaments toward center (requires ATP)
  5. Muscle contracts
  6. Ca2+ removed, shifts actin filaments to original position, blocking binding sites
  7. Muscle contraction stops
32
Q

Concentric

A

Velocity >0. Uses a lot more ATP like going up the stairs

33
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Velocity =0.

34
Q

Eccentric

A

Velocity<0 lengthens and no force produced

35
Q

T-tubules

A

Small tubules which run transversely through a striated muscle fiber and which electrical impulses are transmitted from the sarcoplasm to the fibers interior

36
Q

Summary of skeletal muscle contractions

A
  1. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum close to the t-tubules.
  2. Ca2+ binds for troponin
    -> troponin moves tropomyosin off myosin binding site of actin
  3. Myosin head, ADP+P bounds and binds to actin
  4. P and ADP falls off from power strokes
  5. ATP head binding site revealed.
  6. Myosin ATPase (enzyme) hydrolyzes ATP into ADP+P-> myosin head re-cocked and ready for TAKE OFF

Human Anatomy Quiz 2 (4 decks)

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