Muscular System

Question 1

What are smooth muscles associated with?

Answer 1

Internal organs

Question 2

What are skeletal muscles associated with?

Answer 2

Muscles attached to the skeleton

Question 3

What patterns does the heart contract?

Answer 3

Involuntary patterns

Question 4

What is the muscle structure composed of?

Answer 4

Skeletal, nervous, and connective tissue, also blood

Question 5

What separates skeletal muscles from adjacent muscles?

Answer 5

Connective tissue - fascia

Question 6

What are fascicles?

Answer 6

A bundle of muscle fibers

Question 7

What are muscle fibers composed of?

Answer 7

Nuclei, sarcoplasm surrounded by sarcolemma

Question 8

What is within the sarcolemma?

Answer 8

Myofibrils

Question 9

What are the 2 different protein molecules?

Answer 9

Myosin (thick filament) + Actin (thin filament)

Question 10

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 10

The s-an between one Z line & the next Z line

Question 11

What is a functional unit of muscle?

Answer 11

Each sarcomere

Question 12

When muscles contract what happens to the H band?

Answer 12

Gets shorter

Question 13

Cross bridges consist in which myofilament?

Answer 13

Myosin

Question 14

What do cross bridges attach to?

Answer 14

Actin

Question 15

What do cross bridges do once they attach?

Answer 15

Begin to pivot

Question 16

What is the sliding filament theory?

Answer 16

Cross bridges cause myofilament to move towards another only when actin moves

Question 17

What happens once cross bridges attach?

Answer 17

I and H zone get shorter, area of overlap (actin+myosin) increases, Z lines are closer together

Question 18

What is muscle contraction?

Answer 18

Shortening of muscle sarcomere, insertion towards origin

Question 19

What is muscle relaxation?

Answer 19

Cross bridges turn lose & actin myofilaments slide back

Question 20

Where is the binding sites for cross bridges?

Answer 20

Actin filament

Question 21

What 2 protein filaments block binding sites?

Answer 21

Troponin + tropomyosin

Question 22

What do calcium ions do?

Answer 22

Cause molecules to move which exposes binding sites

Question 23

What organelle stores calcium ions ?

Answer 23

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

What causes cross bridges to pivot & contract?

Answer 24

ATP

Question 25

Smooth muscles?

Answer 25

Shorter cells but can change length with tightness, single nuclei, don’t have striations, walls of organs, can show rhythmicity, slower to contract + relax but can continue longer

Question 26

Cardiac muscle?

Answer 26

Only in heart, made of strated cells, single nucleus, 2 actin myosin filaments, contracts longer than skeletal muscle

Question 27

What are cardiac muscle cross bands called?

Answer 27

Intercalated disks

Question 28

What unit does a cardiac muscle contract with?

Answer 28

Syncytium

Question 29

Immovable end ?

Answer 29

Origin

Question 30

Movable end ?

Answer 30

Insertion

Question 31

The “head” of a muscle

Answer 31

Nearest it’s origin

Question 32

Skeletal muscle always…?

Answer 32

Function in groups

Question 33

Prime mover?

Answer 33

Main muscle producing action

Question 34

Synergists?

Answer 34

Help prime mover

Question 35

Antagonist?

Answer 35

Resist prime mover

Question 36

Pectoral major?

Answer 36

Large located in chest

Question 37

Deltoid?

Answer 37

Shaped like triangle

Question 38

Extensor digitorum?

Answer 38

Extends digits (fingers)

Question 39

Biceps brachii?

Answer 39

2 origins(heads)