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Health science > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Types and Functions of Muscles

A

Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle

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2
Q

Skeletal muscle description

A

Overlying skeleton
Striated
Voluntary

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3
Q

Striated

A

having long, thin lines, marks, or strips of color, especially in voluntary muscles

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4
Q

Voluntary

A

Done in accordance with the conscious will of the individual.

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5
Q

Smooth muscle description

A

Organs or viscera (stomach)
Nonstriated
Involuntary

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6
Q

Nonstriated

A

smooth and devoid of striations
They are also known as involuntary muscles because their activation is not under the control of the human.
-Found in hollowed internal organs

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7
Q

Involuntary

A

a muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)

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8
Q

Cardiac muscle description

A

Heart
Striated
voluntary

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9
Q

Layers of Connective Tissue (fascia)

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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10
Q

Epimysium

A

External
(which surrounds the muscle)

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11
Q

Perimysium

A

Middle
(surrounds bundles of muscle fibers)

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12
Q

Endomysium

A

Most internal
(surrounds muscle fibers)

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13
Q

Fascicles

A

bundle of muscle fibers, (also called myocytes, bound together via the endomysium tissue that provides pathways for the passage of blood vessels and nerves.)

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14
Q

Tendon

A

a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
serves to move the bone or structure

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15
Q

Group of myofibrils

A

a series of sacromeres-form myofibrils, which, arranged in parallel, make up the muscle cell or muscle fiber.

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16
Q

Myofibrils are composed of

A

long proteins which include actin, myosin, and titin, etc.

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17
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

necessary for muscle contraction and relaxtion

18
Q

Example of muscle contraction is

A

when lifting a heavy weight

19
Q

Sarcolemma

A

the plasma membrane of the muscle cellis an excitable membrane and shares many properties with the neuronal cell membrane.

20
Q

Inside the myofibril

A

From Z line to Z line
Thin filaments
-Actin
Thick filaments
-Myosin

21
Q

Filament

A

the structural proteins of the cell.

22
Q

Actin and myosin

A

are responsible for many types of cell movements
force generating proteins of the sarcomere

23
Q

What is calcium stored away from?

A

Thin and thick filaments in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

24
Q

What happesn when stimulated? (the role of calcium and adenosine triphosphate)

A

The SR releases calcium

25
Q

What happesn when stimulated? (the role of calcium and adenosine triphosphate)

A

The SR releases calcium

26
Q

What does calcium allow?

A

It allows actin, myosin, and ATP to interact, causing muscle contraction.

27
Q

Why does muscle relax?

A

Calcium returns to the SR.

28
Q

What is RNA

A

It converts the information stored in DNA into proteiins

29
Q

What is ATP

A

A substance present in all living cells that provides energy for many metabolic processes and is involved in making RNA.

30
Q

When does a skeletal muscle contraction take place?

A

Only takes place when it is first stimulated by a nerve.

31
Q

What does somatic nerve supplies?

A

It supplies skeletal muscle.
(Emerges from the spinal cord and travels to the skeletal muscle)

32
Q

Somatic motor

A

voluntary movements and reflex arcs

33
Q

A single muscle fiber has

A

an “all or nothing” response, but a whole muscle can vary its force of contraction

34
Q

What are two characteristics of a whole muscle that allow the single muscle fiber response?

A

Motor unit-comprises a single nerve cell, or neuron, that supplies nerves to (innervates) a group of skeletal muscles.
Recruitment- the process by which different motor units are activated to produce a given level and type of muscle contraction.

35
Q

The Neuromuscular Junction

A

where nerves and muscle fibers meet—is an essential synapse for muscle contraction and movement.

36
Q

Axon

A

portion of a nerve cell (neuron) that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

37
Q

The neuromuscular junction has space between..

A

motor neuron and muscle

38
Q

What site does the neuromuscular junction have?

A

Site of ACh action and activation of muscle membrane.

39
Q

The action of ACh

A

contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood vessels, increases bodily secretions, and slows heart rate.

40
Q

Impairment at the NMJ

A

Myasthenia gravis
Curare
Neurotoxins
-Clostidium tetani (tetanus)
-Clostidium botulinum (botulism and botox)

Health science (2 decks)

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