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anaphy > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

It provides movements and maintain body posture.

A

Muscles

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2
Q

3 Types of muscle.

A

Skeletal muscle, Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle

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3
Q

A type of muscle that makes up 40% of body weight and is attached to bone.

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds entire skeletal muscle.

A

Epimysium

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5
Q

Bundle of muscle fibers.

A

Muscle fasciculus/ fasciculi

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6
Q

Connective tissue around each muscle fasciculi.

A

Perimysium

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle cells.

A

Muscle Fiber

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7
Q

Connective Tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber.

A

Endomysium

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8
Q

Threadlike proteins that make up muscle fibers.

A

Myofibril

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9
Q

Proteins that make up myofibrils. E.g. Actin and Myosin

A

Myofilament

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10
Q

Cytoplasm of Muscle fiber.

A

Sarcoplasm

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11
Q

Cell membrane of Muscle fiber that contains T-tubules.

A

Sarcolemma

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12
Q

A specialized type of SER occurs in muscle cells where calcium ions are stored. It surrounds myosin.

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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13
Q

It is wrapped around sacromers.

A

T- tubules (transverse)

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14
Q

It is the smallest portion of myofibril capable of contraction.

A

Sacromere

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15
Q

Thin myofilament

A

Actin

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16
Q

Thick myofilament

A

Myosin

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17
Q

Attachment site on actin for Ca2+.

A

Troponin

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18
Q

Attachment site on actin for myosin.

A

Tropomyosin

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19
Q

Contains actin and myosin.

A

Sacromere

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20
Q

Protein fiber that forms attachment site for actin.

A

Z disk

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21
Q

Center of sacromere that contains only myosin.

A

H zone

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22
Q

Contains only actin.

A

I band

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23
Q

Where actin and myosin overlap.

A

A band

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24
Q

Where myosin are anchored.

A

M line

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25
Q

Stimulus that causes rapid depolarization and repolarization.

A

Action Potential

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26
Q

Change in charges where in the inside becomes more + (positive) and - (negative) on the outside. This is where Na+ channels open.

A

Depolarization

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27
Q

Changes back to resting potential. Na+ channels closes.

A

Repolarization

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28
Q

Restores balance and pumps Na+ out of cell and transport K+ into cell.

A

Sodium-Potassium (Na+-K+)

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29
Q

Nerve cells that carry action potentials to muscle fibers.

A

Motor neuron

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30
Q

This is where nerve cell and fiber meet.

A

Neuromuscular Junction (synapse)

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31
Q

End of nerve cell.

A

Presynaptic terminal (axon)

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32
Q

Muscle fiber membrane.

A

Postsynaptic membrane

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33
Q

Space between presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic membrane.

A

Synaptic cleft

34
Q

It stores and release neurotransmitter.

A

Synaptic vesicle

35
Q

Chemical that stimulate or inhibit muscle fiber.

A

Neurotransmitter (Acetylcholine)

36
Q

Group of muscle fibers that motor neuron stimulates.

A

Motor Unit

37
Q

Refer to the points of contact between neurons where information is passed from one neuron to the next.

A

synapse

38
Q

Twitch muscles use energy slowly and fairly evenly to make it last a long time.

A

Slow-twitch fiber

39
Q

Twitch muscles use up a lot of energy very quickly, then get tired (fatigued) and need a break.

A

Fast-twitch fiber

40
Q

Muscle in forehead. Raises eyebrows.

A

Occpitofrontalis

41
Q

Muscle in eyes that allows blinking.

A

Orbicularis oculi

42
Q

Muscle in mouth. “Kissing muscle”

A

Orbicularis oris

43
Q

“Smiling muscle”. Muscle in cheeks

A

Zygomaticus

44
Q

Chewing “mastication” muscle

A

Masseter

45
Q

(enumerate) Muscles of head and neck.

A

Occipitofrontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis Oris
Zygomaticus
Masseter

46
Q

(enumerate) Thoracic muscle

A

External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Diaphragm

47
Q

Elevates ribs for inspiration.

A

External Intercostals

48
Q

Depress ribs during forced expiration.

A

Internal Intercostals

49
Q

Moves during quiet breathing.

A

Diaphragm

50
Q

(enumerate) Abdominal wall muscles.

A

Rectus Abdominis
External Abdominal oblique
Internal Abdominal oblique
Transverse Abdominis

51
Q

It is the center of the abdomen. Comprises abdomen. Tightens abdominopelvic wall; flexes the vertebral column.

A

Rectus Abdominis

52
Q

Tightens abdominopelvic wall and compresses internal organs.

A

External Abdominis oblique, Internal Abdominis oblique, Transverse Abdominis

53
Q

(enumerate) Upper Limb muscles.

A

Trapezius
Pectoralis Major
Serratus Anterior
Deltoid
Triceps Branchii
Biceps Branchii
Brachialis
Latissimus Dorsi

54
Q

Muscles in shoulder and upper back. Extends head and neck.

A

Trapezius

55
Q

The superior most and largest muscle of the anterior chest wall.

A

Pectoralis major

56
Q

Muscle that originates on the surface of the 1st to 8th ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula.

A

Serratus Anterior

57
Q

Muscle in your shoulder. The ball-and-socket joint that connects your arm to the trunk of your body.

A

Deltoid

58
Q

The primary function of this muscle is for extension of the elbow joint. It is a large, thick muscle on the dorsal part of the upper arm.

A

Triceps Branchii

59
Q

It is a large, thick muscle on the ventral portion of the upper arm. It is known as the “flexing muscle”.

A

Biceps Branchii

60
Q

It is a muscle that flexes elbow.

A

Brachialis

61
Q

Flat muscle that occupies the majority of the lower posterior thorax.

A

Latissimus Dorsi

62
Q

(enumerate) Muscles of hips and thighs.

A

Iliopsas
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius

63
Q

The strongest hip flexor and assists in external rotation of the femur.

A

Iliopsoas

64
Q

It is the muscle in the buttocks that extends hips and abducts thigh.

A

Gluteus Maximus

65
Q

It is the muscle in hips that abducts and rotates thigh.

A

Gluteus Medius

66
Q

(enumerate) Muscles of Upper Leg

A

Quadriceps Femoris
Gracilis
Biceps Femoris, Semi membranous, semitendinosus

67
Q

(enumerate) 4 quadriceps femoris

A

Rectus Femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

68
Q

Muscle that abducts thigh and flexes knee.

A

Gracilis

69
Q

(enumerate) 3 hamstrings muscles

A

Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

70
Q

(enumerate) Muscles of lower leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

71
Q

It is found in the anterior part of the lower leg. It plays an important role in the activities of walking, hiking and kicking the ball.

A

Tibialis Anterior

72
Q

It is the calf. Flexes foot and Leg.

A

Gastrocnemius

73
Q

It is the muscle attached to ankle.

A

Soleus

74
Q

Muscles in the heart

A

Cardiac Muscle

74
Q

Muscles in the heart.

A

Cardiac Muscle

74
Q

Muscles in the heart

A

Cardiac Muscle

75
Q

It is a type of muscle found in the stomach and intestines, where it helps with digestion and nutrient collection. It exists throughout the urinary system, where it functions to help rid the body of toxins and works in electrolyte balance.

A

Smooth Muscle

76
Q

(True or False)
Steps in a muscle contraction.

  1. Action potential travels down motor neuron to presynaptic terminal causing Ca2+ channels to open.
  2. Ca2+ causes synaptic vesicles to release acetylcholine into synaptic cleft.
  3. Acetylcholine binds to receptor sites on Na+ channels, Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes into postsynaptic terminal.
  4. Na+ causes sarcolemma and T-tubules to increase the permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum which releases stored calcium.
  5. Ca2+ binds to troponin which is attached to actin.
  6. Ca2+ binding to troponin causes tropomyosin to move exposing attachment sites for myosin.
  7. Myosin heads to actin.
  8. ATP is released from myosin heads and heads bend toward center of sacromere.
  9. Bending forces actin to slide over myosin.
  10. Acetylcholinestenase is released, Na+ channels close and muscle contraction stops.
A

True

77
Q

Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine.

A

Acetylcholinestenase

78
Q

The tightening, shortening, or lengthening of muscles when you do some activity

A

Muscle Contraction

79
Q

(True or False) Energy for muscle contractions are supplied by the protein.

A

False: Energy for muscle contractions are supplied by the ATP.

80
Q

(True or False) ATP is stored in actin heads.

A

False: ATP is stored in myosin heads.

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