Muscular System Flashcards
What are the 3 types of muscles found in the body?
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
What is the skeletal muscle body location?
Muscle is attached to the bone
What is skeletal muscle appearance and what is their type of contractions?
Appearance, it has obvious striations
Contractions, it is voluntary
What is the cardiac muscle body location?
Walls of the heart
What is the cardiac muscle appearance and what is their contractions type?
Appearance, it does have striations
Contractions, it is involuntary
What is the smooth muscle body location?
Internal organs
What is the smooth muscle appearance and what is their type of contractions?
Appearance, it does not have striations
Contractions, it is involuntary
What are the 5 types of properties of muscle?
Irritable
Contractible
Extensible
Elastic
Adaptable
What are the properties of muscle stands for?
Irritable - receiving or responding to a stimulus from nerves
Contractible - able to shorten when stimulus is present
Extensible - ability of the muscle to be stretch without damage when force is applied
Elastic - ability to return to its original length after being shortened and lengthened
Adaptable - muscle size increase(hypertrophy) and reduce in size (atrophy) if muscle is deprive from work
What are the 7 types of muscle naming?
Number of origins
Location of origins and insertions
Location of the muscle
Shape of muscle
Direction of muscle fibres
Relative size of muscle
Action
What are the definition of the 7 types of muscle stands for?
Number of origins - example bicep has 2 origins (Long and Short head)
Location of origins and insertions - some muscles are named by their attachment points on the bones
Location of the muscle - some muscles takes the name of the bones they are associate with
Shape of the muscle - some muscles have a unique name that would dictate their names
Direction of muscle fibres - some muscles are named after the direction of the fibres
Relative size of muscle - Maximus (Largest), Minimus (Smallest) and Longus (Long)
Actions - some muscles are named for the actions they perform
What is the anatomy of the skeletal muscle?
Covered by the Epimysium to protect the muscle from friction and bones
The tendon is attached to the muscle to bone
Muscle fiber cell contains myofibrils (Myosin and Actin)
What is the definition of energy for contraction?
The energy supply for the contractions is called the ATP, its a energy storing for molecule available in muscle
What is the meaning of innervation?
Nerves that is connected to the muscle
What is the sliding filament theory?
Contraction of mechanism of muscles
What happens during muscle contractions?
Muscle fibers shorten as contractions occur
Myosin cross bridges pull actin filament inwards
What happens during muscle relaxation?
Muscle fibers relax
Actin and Myosin filaments slide apart
What are the types of muscle fibers?
Slow twitch
Fast twitch (11A)
Fast twitch (11B)
What are the function of the different types of the muscle fibers?
Slow twitch - Their muscles rely on oxygen as their main energy source, have a slow shortening speed
Fast twitch (11A) - They can produce energy through glycolytic and aerobic processes and have the ability to produce fast and low intensity movements
Fast Twitch (11B) - Fastest contracting muscle fiber type, 10x faster than slow twitch 1 fiber and also
What are the roles of skeletal muscle in the muscle contraction?
Concentric contraction
Eccentric contraction
Isometric contraction
Isotonic contraction
Isokinetic contraction
Antagonist
Synergist
Stabilizers/Fixators
What are the function of the roles of the skeletal muscle in the muscle contraction?
Concentric contraction - contraction of muscle shortens under load or tension
Eccentric contraction - muscle lengthen under load or tension
Isometric contraction - little or no movement
Isotonic contraction - the contraction of a muscle with movement against a natural resistance
Isokinetic contraction - contraction of muscle
against concomitant force at a constant speed
Types of anatomical positions?
Sagittal plane
Frontal plane
Transverse plane
What are the different types of somatotypes?
Ectomorph
Endomorph
Mesomorph
What is an Ectomorph and what are their features?
Long thin limbed and muscles with low level of fats
Typically skinny
Small frame
What is a mesomorph and what are their features?
Medium boned, heavy upper body and low levels of body fats
Broad shoulders
Gains muscle easily
What is an endomorph and what are their feature?
Large frame with higher body fat percentage
Large muscles
Slow metabolism
