Muscular skeletal injuries Flashcards
What is rhabdomyolysis?
skeletal muscle tissue breakdown, the components from muscles leak into the blood -> potassium, phosphate, myoglobin, creatine kinase, -> if kidneys can’t get rid they start to fail
What are the causes of rhabdomyolysis?
injury/trauma, high intensity excersize, severe dehydration, long lies
symptoms of rhabdomyolyisis?
muscle swelling and weakness
dark urine
complications of rhabdomyolysis?
kidney failure, compartment syndrome, hyperkalemia
treatment of rhabdomyolysis?
fluids, therapy, kidney dialysis
what is compartment syndrome?
is bleeding or swelling within the muscle compartments - increased pressure
What are the causes of compartment syndrome?
trauma, broken bones, crush injuries, prolonged pressure, running/swimming,
What are the symptoms of compartment syndrome?
the 6ps
- pain
- parenthesia (pins and needles)
- pallor (pale)
- pulselessness
- paralysis
- perishingly cold limb
also numbness
What is the treatment for compartment syndrome?
remove pressure if possible, O2, pain relief, potentially a fasciotomy
can lead to hyperkalaemia so manage that (shows as peaked T-waves on ECG)
Who is most at risk for frailty?
people at risk for adverse outcomes
e.g physical, psychological, social
rockwood scale is used to measure frailty
What are the symptoms of frailty?
delirium, falls, incontinence, immobility, medication side effects
What is acute kidney injury, acute renal failure?
when your kidneys suddenly (over a few days) become unable to filter your blood
it can be fatal, more normal healthy people will recover fully
Risk factors for developing acute kidney injury/ failure?
already hospitalised/ critically ill people
What are the signs of acute kidney injury?
- sometimes no signs and is detected through lab tests
-decreased during output - SOB
- fatigue
- confusion
- nausea
- weakness
- irregular heart beat
- chest pain/ pressure
- in severe = seizures/coma
