Muscular Anatomy Flashcards
What are the THREE types of muscles?
- Voluntary
- Involuntary (stomach, gut, bladder, blood vessels)
- Cardiac
What is a voluntary muscle?
This is attached to bones and causes movement and you use it by your own free will and is striped. 40% of body’s weight is skeletal muscle.
What is an involuntary muscle?
This is found in the walls of your internal organs: stomach, gut bladder and blood vessels. IT work on it’s own and is also called a smooth muscle.
What is the cardiac muscle?
The cardiac muscle is a special involuntary muscle that forms the walls of your heart. It works non-stop without tiring and it is stripped. When it contracts it pumps blood all around your body and each contraction is a heartbeat.
What can skeletal muscles be further categorised into?
Fusiform: muscle fibres run in same direction as tendons, there are few in the body they are flexible but not powerful - biceps
Penniform: Run in angles to the tendon and they are powerful but not flexible they can be classified by how they branch off the tendon. - extensor digitorum
Unipennate: Branch of to one side of tendon
Bipennate: branch if to both sides of tendon
Multipennate: Branch off from a number of tendons
What are the major muscle in the body?
- deltoids
- trapezius
- triceps
- latissimus dorsi
- gluteals
- hamstrings
- gastrocnemius
- quadriceps
- abdominals
- biceps
- pecs
What are the muscle fibre types?
- Fast twitch: contracts explosively not for long
- slow twitch: endurance, contract slowly and don’t fatigued
What is reciprocal inhibition?
In order for us to move one muscle must contract while the opposite relaxes.
What is the agonist and antagonist?
Agonist: the muscle doing the contracting and creating movement
Antagonist: the muscle relaxing and letting the movement take place
What is a concentric contraction?
When a muscle contracts and gets shorter
Ecentric contraction?
When a muscle relaxes and lengthens
What is an isometric contraction?
muscle contraction without motion
What is a fascicle?
Muscles fibres grouped together collectively
Micro anatomy
The smaller units inside fassiculi are called myofibrils
What do myofibrils contain
Myosin and actin
