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muscular Flashcards

1
Q

musculoskeletal system:

A

consists of the skeletal system and the skeletal muscle system. Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move.

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2
Q

skeletal system

A

consists of the bones and joints

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3
Q

skeletal muscle system:

A

voluntary or striated muscle

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4
Q

skeleton

A

the bones or shell of an animal that support and protect it as well as allowing movement

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5
Q

bones

A

the pieces of hard tissue that make up the skeleton of a vertebrate

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6
Q

bone marrow

A

a substance inside bones in which blood cells are made

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7
Q

cartilage

A

a waxy, whitish, flexible substance that lines or connects bone joints

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8
Q

calcium

A

an element occurring in limestone, chalk, also present in vertebrates and other animals as a component of bone

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9
Q

phosphorus

A

a substance that plays an important role in almost every chemical reaction in the body.

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10
Q

minerals

A

any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods

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11
Q

ossification

A

hardening of bones

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12
Q

brittle

A

breaks easily into many pieces

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13
Q

joint

A

region where two bones meet

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14
Q

ligaments

A

band of tough tissue that connects the ends of bones or keeps an organ in place

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15
Q

synovial fluid

A

the liquid inside the cavity surrounding a joint that helps bones to slide freely over each other

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16
Q

pivot joint

A

joint that allows a twisting movement

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17
Q

hinge joints

A

joints in which two bones are connected so that movement occurs in one plane only

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18
Q

ball and socket joints

A

joints where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of another

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19
Q

immovable joints

A

joints that allow no movement except when absorbing a hard blow

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20
Q

muscles

A

tissue consisting of cells that can shorten

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21
Q

involuntary muscles

A

muscles not under the control of the will; they contract slowly and rhythmically. These muscles are at work in the heart, intestines and lungs.

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22
Q

voluntary muscles

A

muscle attached to bones; it moves the bones by contracting and is controlled by an animal’s thoughts

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23
Q

tendons

A

tough rope-like tissue connecting a muscle to a bone

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24
Q

greenstick fracture

A

a break that is not completely through the bone, often seen in children

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25
Q

fracture

A

a break in a bone

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26
Q

stem cells

A

undeveloped cells found in blood and bone marrow

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27
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of bone mass that causes bones to become lighter, more fragile and easily broken

28
Q

sprains

A

injury caused by tearing a ligament

29
Q

arthritis

A

a condition in which inflammation of the joints causes them to swell and become painful

30
Q

tennis elbow

A

an injury due to strain or overuse that causes the elbow’s lining to become inflamed and painful

31
Q

torn hamstrings

A

a common sporting injury caused by overstretching the hamstring muscle, which joins the pelvis to the knee joint

32
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

33
Q

leucocytes

A

white blood cells

34
Q

plasma

A

the yellowish, liquid part of blood that contains water, minerals, food and wastes from cells

35
Q

red blood cells

A

living cells in the blood that transport oxygen to all other living cells in the body

36
Q

haemoglobin

A

the red pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen

37
Q

oxyhaemoglobin

A

haemoglobin with oxygen molecules attached

38
Q

white blood cells

A

living cells that fight bacteria and viruses as part of the human body’s immune system

39
Q

platelets

A

small bodies involved in blood clotting. They are responsible for healing by clumping together around a wound.

40
Q

circulatory system

A

the body system that circulates oxygen in blood to all the cells of the body. The circulatory system consists of the heart, the blood vessels and blood.

41
Q

arteries

A

hollow tubes (vessels) with thick walls carrying blood pumped from the heart to other body parts

42
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. They have valves and thinner walls than arteries.

43
Q

capillaries

A

minute tubes carrying blood to body cells. Every cell of the body is supplied with blood through capillaries.

44
Q

oxygenated blood

A

describes the bright red blood that has been supplied with oxygen in the lungs

45
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

describes blood from which some oxygen has been removed

46
Q

vena cava

A

large vein leading into the top right chamber of the heart

47
Q

left atrium

A

upper left section of the heart where oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart

48
Q

valves

A

flap-like folds in the lining of a blood vessel or other hollow organ that allow a liquid, such as blood, to flow in one direction only

49
Q

‘lub dub’:

A

the sound made by the heart valves as they close

50
Q

blood pressure

A

measures how strongly the blood is pumped through the body’s main arteries

51
Q

systolic pressure

A

the higher blood pressure reading during contraction of the heart muscles

52
Q

diastolic pressure

A

the lower blood pressure reading during relaxation of the heart muscles

53
Q

heartbeat

A

contraction of the heart muscle occurring about 60–100 times per minute

54
Q

pulse

A

alternating contraction and expansion of arteries due to the pumping of blood by the heart

55
Q

pacemaker

A

electronic device inserted in the chest to keep the heart beating regularly at the correct rate. It works by stimulating the heart with tiny electrical impulses.

56
Q

cardiac muscle

A

special kind of muscle in the heart that never tires. It is involved in pumping blood through the heart.

57
Q

oxygen

A

a gas in the air (and water) that animals need to breathe in; made up of particles with two oxygen atoms.

58
Q

cellular respiration

A

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP.

59
Q

glucose

A

a simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar

60
Q

carbon dioxide

A

a gas in the air produced by respiration and used by plants as part of photosynthesis. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide.

61
Q

epiglottis

A

leaf-like flap of cartilage behind the tongue that closes the air passage during swallowing

62
Q

respiratory system

A

the body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions.

63
Q

trachea

A

narrow tube from the mouth to the lungs through which air moves

64
Q

lungs

A

the organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

65
Q

bronchi

A

the narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller bronchioles and alveoli in the respiratory system.

66
Q

aorta

A

a large artery through which oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the left ventricle of the heart to the body

muscular (1 decks)

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