Musco-skeletal System

Question 1

components of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, connective tissue, skeleton, ligaments

Question 2

What attaches bone to bone

Answer 2

Ligaments

Question 3

What attaches muscle and bone

Answer 3

Tendons

Question 4

what are the 5 functions of the skeleton

Answer 4

-protect major organs
-provide rigid structure which supports other body tissues
-allows the body to be able to move
-stores important minerals such as calcium
-bone marrow produces erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes

Question 5

what are the two main parts of the skeleton

Answer 5

the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton

Question 6

what dies the axial skeleton do

Answer 6

protect major organs

Question 7

what are the parts of the axial skeleton and what do they do

Answer 7

the skull - protects the brain
the vertebral column - made up of vertebrae which encloses the spinal cord
the ribs and sternum - protects the heart and lungs

Question 8

parts of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 8

humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, scapula, clavicle, femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, pelvis - sacrum and hip bone (pubis, ilium and ischium)

Question 9

Types of bones

Answer 9

long bones, short bones, flat bones, sesamoid bones, irregular bones

Question 10

what are the three types of muscles

Answer 10

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle

Question 11

smooth muscle

Answer 11

in internal organs such as stomach and intestine, involuntary control - controlled by the autonomic nervus system.

Question 12

skeletal muscle

Answer 12

work with joints to move the skeleton, voluntary control, produce movement in one direction by contracting. to move in another direction requires another muscle to contract. muscles work in antagonistic pairs to create movement

Question 12

cardiac muscle

Answer 12

only exist in the heart, unvoluntary - controlled by the autonomic nervous system, never gets tired, has a large number of mitochondria - responsible for producing chemical energy that muscles need to keep working

Question 13

what are joints

Answer 13

points where the bones meet ,synovial joints allow movement in different directions

Question 14

types of synovial joint and the directions they move in

Answer 14

spheroid joint (ball and socket) - up down, side to side movement and rotation
pivot joint - rotation
plane joint - side to side movement
condyloid joint - up and down and limited side to side movement
saddle joint - wide range of up and down and side to side movement

Question 15

adaptations of flying mammals

Answer 15

thin bones, bones are more dense to help withstand the forces associated with flying, bones in skull fused together to make skeleton lighter, shortened ulna and fibula, very long metacarpals, long phalanges which attach to wings in order to be able to extend them and allow them to fly, extended ridge of bone on the sternum called a keel which are the muscles responsible for flying are attached, have extra bone in foot called calcar to support the skin that lies between the tail and hindlimbs

Question 16

Adaptations of hopping mammals

Answer 16

longer tibia and fibula, powerful hindlimb muscles, forelimbs smaller than hindlimbs, greater separation between lower vertebrae to allow for more flexibility when hopping, sacrum and pelvis are fused to help withstand forces of caused by hopping, lighter skeleton

Question 17

adaptations of running mammals

Answer 17

longer hind and forelimbs due to longer metacarpals and metatarsals, reduced number of digits in their feet, reduced clavicle or no clavicle at all to allow for greater mobility of the scapula which in turn allows greater stride length, increased flexibility of vertebrae to allow the body to flex up and down and create more power