Muscles WQ24 Flashcards
what is the action of the masseter?
- elevates the mandible of the jaw
- closes jaw
where does the masseter originate?
zygomatic arch
where does the masseter insert?
ramus of mandible
what is the action of sternocleidomastoid?
- flexion of the head at the neck
- lateral flexion of head at shoulder
where does the sternocleidomastoid originate?
- sternal end of clavicle
- manubrium of sternum
where does the sternocleidomastoid insert?
mastoid process of temporal bone
what is the action of the splenius?
- extension/hyperextension of head
- rotation of head
- flexion of head
where does the splenius originate?
- spinous processes
- cervical & thoracic vertebrae
what is the action of the trapezius?
- elevation of the shoulders
- extends & hyperextends head
where does the trapezius originate?
spinous process of cervical & thoracic vertebrae
where does the trapezius insert?
- clavicle
- acromion process of scapula
- spine of scapula
what is the action of the rhomboids (major & minor)
- retraction of scapula at shoulders
where do the rhomboids originate?
spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
where do the rhomboids insert?
medial border of scapula
what is the action of the pectoralis minor?
protraction of the scapula at shoulder (downward)
- downward rotation of scapula
where does the pectoralis minor originate?
ribs (anterior and superior margins)
where does the pectoralis minor insert?
(anterior surface of) vertebral border of scapula
what is the action of the serratus anterior?
- protraction of scapula at the shoulder
- upward rotation of scapula
what is the action of the deltoid?
abduction of the arm at shoulder
where does the deltoid originate?
- clavicle
- acromion and spine of scapula
where does the deltoid insert?
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
what is the action of the supraspinatus?
abduction of arm at shoulder
where does the supraspinatus originate?
supraspinous fossa of scapula
where does the supraspinatus insert?
greater tubercle of humerus
what is the action of the subscapularis?
medial rotation of arm at shoulder
where does the subscapularis originate?
subscapular fossa of scapula
where does the subscapularis insert?
lesser tubercle of humerus
what is the action of the teres major?
- extension of arm at shoulder
- adduction of arm at shoulder
where does the teres major originate?
inferior angle of scapula
where does the teres major insert?
intertubercular groove of humerus
what is the action of the teres minor?
lateral rotation of arm at shoulder
where does the teres minor originate?
lateral border of scapula
where does the teres minor insert?
greater tubercle of humerus
what is the action of the infraspinatus?
lateral rotation of arm at shoulder
where does the infraspinatus originate?
infraspinous fossa of scapula
where does the infraspinatus insert?
greater tubercle of humerus
what is the action of the coracobrachialis?
- flexion of arm at shoulder
- abduction of arm at shoulder
where does the coracobrachialis originate?
coracoid process of scapula
where does the coracobrachialis insert?
medial shaft of humerus
what is the action of the pectoralis major?
- flexion of arm at shoulder
- abduction of arm at shoulder
where does the pectoralis major originate?
cartilages of ribs, manubrium, body of sternum, medial clavicle
where does the pectoralis major insert?
- greater tubercle
- intertubercular groove of humerus
what is the action of the latissimus dorsi?
- extension of arm at shoulder
- adduction of arm at shoulder
- medial rotation of arm at shoulder
where does the latissimus dorsi originate?
- spinous process of inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae
- ribs
where does the latissimus dorsi insert?
intertubercular groove of humerus
what is the action of the triceps brachii?
- extension of forearm at elbow
- (long head) extension and adduction of arm at shoulder
where does the triceps brachii originate?
- humerus (lateral and posterior surface)
- scapula (below the glenoid cavity)
where does the triceps brachii insert?
olecranon process of the ulna
what is the action of the biceps brachii?
- flexion of forearm at elbow
- supination of forearm
- flexion of arm at shoulder
where does the biceps brachii originate?
- coracoid process of scapula
- scapula (above glenoid cavity)
where does the biceps brachii insert?
radial tuberosity
what is the action of the brachialis?
flexion of forearm at elbow
where does the brachialis originate?
humerus (anterior, distal surface)
where does the brachialis insert?
tuberosity of ulna
what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
- extension of hand at wrist
- abduction of hand at wrist
where does the extensor carpi radialis brevis originate?
lateral epicondyle of humerus
where does the extensor carpi radialis brevis insert?
metacarpal
what is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
- extension of hand at wrist
- adduction of hand at wrist
where does the extensor carpi ulnaris originate?
lateral epicondyle of humerus
where does the extensor carpi ulnaris insert?
metacarpal
what is the action of the extensor digitorum?
extends at phalanges
where does the extensor digitorum originate?
lateral epicondyle of humerus
where does the extensor digitorum insert?
phalanges
what is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?
- flexes hand at wrist
- abducts hand at wrist
where does the flexor carpi radialis originate?
medial epicondyle of humerus
where does the flexor carpi radialis insert?
metacarpal
what is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
- flexion of hand at wrist
- adduction of hand at wrist
where does the flexor carpi ulnaris originate?
medial epicondyle of humerus
where does the flexor carpi ulnaris insert?
metacarpal
what is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
flexion at the phalanges
where does the flexor digitorum superficialis originate?
- medial epicondyle of humerus
where does the flexor digitorum superficialis insert?
middle phalanges
what is the action of the rectus abdominis?
- depression of ribs
- flexion of vertebral column/torso
- abdominal compression
where does the rectus abdominis originate?
pubic crest
where does the rectus abdominis insert?
- ribs
- xiphoid process of sternum
what is the action of the external obliques?
- flexion of the vertebral column
- rotation of the vertebral column
- abdominal compression
where does the external obliques originate?
ribs
where does the external obliques insert?
- linea alba
- iliac crest
what is the action of the internal oblique?
- flexion of vertebral column
- rotation of vertebral column
- abdominal compression
where does the internal oblique originate?
iliac crest
where does the internal oblique insert?
- ribs
- linea alba
what is the action of the transverse abdominis?
abdominal compression
where does the transverse abdominis originate?
- ribs
- iliac crest
where does the transverse abdominis insert?
- xiphoid process of sternum
- pubic crest
- linea alba
what is the action of the gluteus maximus?
- extension of thigh at hip
- lateral rotation of thigh at hip
where does the gluteus maximus originate?
- ilium
- sacrum
- coccyx
where does the gluteus maximus insert?
linea aspera of femur
what is the action of the gluteus medius?
abduction of thigh at hip
where does the gluteus medius originate?
- iliac crest
- outer surface of the ilium
where does the gluteus medius insert?
greater trochanter of the femur
what is the action of the tensor fasciae latae?
- flexion of thigh at hip
- abduction of thigh at hip
- medial rotation of thigh at hip
where does the tensor fasciae latae originate?
anterior superior iliac spine
where does the tensor fasciae latae insert?
lateral condyle of tibia
what is the action of the adductors?
adduction of thigh at hip
where do the adductors originate?
- inferior ramus of pubis
- ischial tuberosity
where do the adductors insert?
linea aspera of femur
what is the action of the iliacus?
flexion of thigh at hip
where does the iliacus originate?
iliac fossa
where does the iliacus insert?
lesser trochanter of the femur
what is the action of the psoas major?
flexion of thigh at hip
where does the psoas major originate?
transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
where does the psoas major insert?
lesser trochanter of femur
what is the action of the gracilis?
adduction of thigh at hip
where does the gracilis originate?
inferior ramus of pubis
where does the gracilis insert?
tibia (proximal, medial)
what is the action of the sartorius?
- lateral rotation of thigh at hip
- flexion of thigh at hip and leg at knee
where does the sartorius originate?
anterior superior iliac spine
where does the sartorius insert?
tibia (anterior, medial)
what is the action of the rectus femoris?
extension of leg at knee
where does the rectus femoris originate?
anterior inferior iliac spine
where does the rectus femoris insert?
tibial tuberosity of tibia
what is the action of the biceps femoris?
flexion of leg at knee
where does the biceps femoris originate?
- ischial tuberosity
- linea aspera of femur
where does the biceps femoris insert?
- head of fibula
- lateral condyle of tibia
what is the action of the semimembranosus?
flexion of leg at knee
where does the semimembranosus originate?
ischial tuberosity
where does the semimembranosus insert?
medial condyle of tibia
what is the action of the semitendinosus?
flexion of leg at knee
where does the semitendinosus originate?
ischial tuberosity
where does the semitendinosus insert?
tibia (proximal, medial)
what is the action of the vastus lateralis?
extension of leg at knee
where does the vastus lateralis originate?
linea aspera of femur
where does the vastus lateralis insert?
tibial tuberosity of tibia
what is the action of the vastus intermedius?
extension of leg at knee
where does the vastus intermedius originate?
linea aspera of femur
where does the vastus intermedius insert?
tibial tuberosity of tibia
where does the vastus medialis insert?
tibial tuberosity of tibia
what is the action of the vastus medialis?
extension of leg at knee
where does the vastus medialis originate?
linea aspera of femur
what is the action of the gastrocnemius?
plantar flexion (extension of foot at ankle)
where does the gastrocnemius originate?
medial and lateral condyles of femur
where does the gastrocnemius insert?
calcaneus
what is the action of the soleus?
plantar flexion (extension of foot at ankle)
where does the soleus originate?
- head and shaft of fibula
- shaft of tibia
where dose the soleus insert?
calcaneus
what is the action of the tibialis anterior?
- dorsiflexion (flexion of foot at ankle)
- inversion of foot
where does the tibialis anterior originate?
lateral condyle and shaft of tibia
where does the tibialis anterior insert?
metatarsal and medial cuneiform
what is the action of the flexor digitorum longus?
flexion of toes
where does the flexor digitorum longus originate?
tibia (posterior, medial)
where does the flexor digitorum longus insert?
distal phalanges
what is the action of the fibularis longus/peroneus?
eversion of foot
where does the fibularis longus originate?
head & shaft of fibula
where does the fibularis longus insert?
metatarsal and medial cuneiform
what is the action of the fibularis tertius/peroneus?
eversion of foot
where does the peroneus tertius originate?
fibula (medial, anterior surface)
where does the peroneus tertius insert?
metatarsal
what is the action of the extensor digitorum longus?
extension at toes
where does the extensor digitorum longus originate?
lateral condyle of tibia and fibula
where does the extensor digitorum longus insert?
middle and distal phalanges
