Muscles UE & LE Flashcards
Pectoralis Major
O - Medial half of clavicle, Manubrium, Body of
sternum and cartilages of first 6-7 ribs
I - Crest of greater tubercle of humerus
N - Lateral Pectoral Nerve
A - Flexion, IR, Shoulder Horizontal Adduction, Scapular Protraction and Depression
Pectoralis Minor
O - Ribs 2-5
I - Medial border of the coracoid process
N - Medial pectoral
A - Downward Rotation of scapula, Scapular Protraction and Depression
Serratus Anterior
O - Ribs 1-8
I - Medial border, costal surface of scapula
N - Long Thoracic
A - Upward Rotation of scapula, Scapular Protraction and Depression
Trapezius
O - Superior nuchal line and external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes
and supraspinous ligaments of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
I - Upper part: Lateral one third of
the clavicle
Middle part: Acromion and upper lip
of the spine of the scapula
Lower part: Spine of the scapula
N - Cranial nerve XI (Spinal
accessory nerve)
A - Upper fibers- Scapula elevation,
Middle fibers- Scapula Retraction
Lower fibers- Scapula Depression
Upper and lower fibers-Upward
rotation of scapula
Rhomboid Major and Minor
O - Ligamentous nuchae and spinous processes of C7 to T5
I - Medial border of scapula
N - Dorsal Scapular
A - Adduction, elevation and downward rotation of scapula
Levator Scapulae
O - Transverse Processes of C1-4
I - Medial border of scapula between superior angle and root of spine
N - Ventral rami of spinal nerves (C3-C4) and the dorsal scapular nerve
A - Scapular Elevation and Downward
Rotation
Sternocleidomastoid
O - Manubrium & medial portion of Clavicle
I - Mastoid process of temporal bone
N - Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)
A - U/L: Same side flexion & opposed side rotation of neck
Latissimus Dorsi
O - Spinous processes of 7th through 12th thoracic vertebrae, through fascia from the lumbar and sacral vertebrae, last three or four ribs and slip from inferior angle of scapula
I - Intertubercular groove of Humerus
N - Thoracodorsal
A - Medial rotation, adduction and
extension of shoulder joint
Deltoid
O - Anterior part: lateral end of clavicle
Middle part: acromion
Posterior part: spine of the scapula
I - Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
N - Axillary
A - Abduction at shoulder
Anterior fibers: flex the shoulder
Posterior fibers: extend the shoulder
Teres Major
O - Inferior angle of scapula
I - Crest of lesser tubercle of Humerus
N - Lower subscapular
A - Shoulder medial rotation, extension,
adduction
Coracobrachialis
O - Coracoid process of scapula
I - Medial aspect of middle shaft of the
humerus
N - Musculocutaneous
A - Flexion of arm
Subscapularis
O - Subscapular fossa of scapula
I - Lesser tubercle of humerus
N - Upper and lower subscapular nerves
A - Medially rotate shoulder, adduct at shoulder
Supraspinatus
O - Supraspinatus fossa of scapula
I - Upper facet of greater tubercle of
humerus
N - Suprascapular
A - Shoulder Abduction up to 15 degrees
Infraspinatus
O - Infraspinatus fossa of scapula
I - Middle facet of greater tubercle of
humerus
N- Suprascapular
A - Shoulder ER
Teres Minor
O - Lateral border of scapula
I - Lower facet of greater tubercle of humerus
N - Axillary
A- Shoulder ER
Biceps Long Head
O - Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I - Bicipital tuberosity of the radius
N - Musculocutaneous
A - Flexion of elbow, supination of
forearm, flexion of shoulder
Biceps Short Head
O - Coracoid process of scapula
I - Bicipital tuberosity of the radius
N - Musculocutaneous
A - Flexion of elbow, supination of
forearm, flexion of shoulder
Brachialis
O - Distal aspect of the anterior surface of the humerus
I - Coronoid process and tuberosity on
the proximal ulna
N - Musculocutaneous
A - Flex elbow
Triceps Lateral Head
O - Posterior humerus, superior and lateral to the radial groove
I - Olecranon process of ulna
N - Radial
A - Extend elbow and shoulder
Triceps Long Head
O - Infra glenoid tubercle of scapula
I - Olecranon process of ulna
N - Radial
A - Extend elbow and shoulder
Triceps Medial Head
O - Posterior humerus, inferior and medial to the
radial groove
I
N - Radial
A - Extend elbow and shoulder
Brachioradialis
O - Upper two thirds of the lateral supracondylar
ridge of the humerus
I - Near styloid process at the distal radius
N - Radial
A - Elbow Flexion especially in mid-prone position
Anconeus
O - Posterior side of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I - Between the olecranon process and
proximal surface of the posterior side of the ulna
N - Radial
A - Weak elbow extensor
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Longus and Brevis
O - Common extensor origin : lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I - Base of 2nd metacarpal (ECRL), Base of 3rd metacarpals (ECRB)
N - Radial
A - Wrist extension and Radial Deviation
Extensor Digitorum
O - Common extensor origin-lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I - By four tendons, each to the base of the extensor mechanism and to the
dorsal base of the proximal phalanx
of the fingers
N - Radial
A - Extends the MCP joints, extends the IP joints of the second through fifth
digits
Extensor Digiti Minimi
O - Ulnar side of the belly of the extensor digitorum
I - Tendon usually divides, joining the ulnar side of the tendon of the
extensor digitorum
N - Radial
A - Extends the MCP joints, extends the IP joints of the little finger
Extensor Carpi
Ulnaris
O - Common extensor origin-lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I - Base of 5th metacarpal
N - Radial
A - Extension of wrist and ulnar deviation
Abductor Pollicis
Longus
O - Posterior surface of the middle part of the radius and ulna, and adjacent interosseous membrane
I - Base of 1st metacarpal
N - Radial
A - 1st digit ABD and extension at CMC joint
Extensor Pollicis
Brevis
O - Posterior surface of the middle to distal parts of the radius and adjacent
I - Proximal phalanx of thumb
N - Radial
A - 1st digit extension at MCP, IP joints
Extensor Pollicis
Longus
O - Posterior surface of the middle part of the ulna and adjacent interosseous
membrane
I - Distal phalanx of thumb
N - Radial
A - 1st digit extension at MCP, IP joints
Extensor Indicis
O - Posterior surface of the middle to distal part of the ulna and adjacent
interosseous membrane
I - Tendon blends with the ulnar side of the index tendon of the extensor
digitorum
N - Radial
A - 2nd digit extension and wrist extension
Supinator
O - Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and supinator crest of the ulna
I - Lateral surface of the proximal radius
N - Radial
A - Supination of forearm
Pronator Teres
O - Humeral head: medial epicondyle
Ulnar head: medial to the
tuberosity of ulna
I - Lateral surface of the middle radius
N - Median
A - Pronation of forearm, elbow flexion
Flexor Carpi Radialis
O - Common flexor origin-
medial epicondyle of the humerus
I - 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
N - Median
A - Wrist flexion, Radial deviation
Palmaris Longus
O - Common flexor origin-
medial epicondyle of the humerus
I - Carpal ligament and palmar aponeurosis of the hand
N - Median
A - Flexion of wrist
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
O - Humeral head: Common flexor origin- medial epicondyle of the humerus
Ulnar head: posterior border of the middle one-third of the ulna
I - Pisiform bone, pisohamate and
pisometacarpal ligaments, and palmar base of the fifth metacarpal
bone
N - Ulnar
A - Wrist flexion, Ulnar Deviation
Flexor Digitorum
Superficialis
O - Humeroulnar head:
common flexor origin, and
the medial side of coronoid process of the ulna
Radial head: oblique line
just distal and lateral to the bicipital tuberosity
I - By four tendons, each to the sides of the middle phalanges of the fingers
N - Median
A - Flexion of PIP joint of fingers
Flexor Pollicis Longus
O - Middle part of the anterior surface of the radius and adjacent interosseous
membrane
I - Distal phalanx of thumb
N - Median
A - Flexion of distal phalanx of thumb
Flexor Digitorum
Profundus
O - Proximal 3/4 of the medial side of the ulna and adjacent interosseous
membrane
I - By four tendons, each to the palmar base of the distal phalanges of the
fingers
N - Medial half: ulnar nerve
Lateral half: median
nerve
A - Flex wrist, flex all joints to DIP in digits 2-5
Pronator Quadratus
O - Anterior surface of distal ulna
I - Anterior surface of distal radius
N - Median
A - Pronates forearm
Abductor Pollicis
Brevis
O - Palmar tubercles of the
trapezium and scaphoid
I - Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
N - Median
A - Abduction of thumb at MCP, CMC joint
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
O - Transverse carpal ligament and palmar tubercle of trapezium
I - Radial side of proximal phalanx of thumb
N - Median
A - Flexion of thumb
Opponens Pollicis
O - Transverse carpal ligament and palmar tubercle of
trapezium
I - Shaft of the thumb metacarpal
N - Median
A - Opposition of thumb
Adductor Pollicis
O - Oblique head: capitate
bone& base of second and
third metacarpal
Transverse head: palmar
surface of 3rd metacarpal
I - Ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
N - Ulnar
A - Thumb Adduction
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O - Pisiform bone, and tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris
I - Base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger
N - Ulnar
A - Abduction of the little
finger at MCP joint
Flexor Digiti Minimi
O - Hook of the hamate
I - base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger
N - Ulnar
A - Flexion of little finger
Opponens Digiti
Minimi
O - Transverse carpal ligament & hook of the hamate
I - Shaft of the fifth metacarpal
N - Ulnar
A - Flexion of 5th metacarpal, lateral
rotation producing opposition
Lumbricals of the
hand
O - First and second: Radial surface of the flexor
profundus tendons of the
index and middle fingers,
respectively.
Third: Adjacent sides of the flexor profundus tendons of the middle and ring fingers.
Fourth: Adjacent sides of
the flexor profundus
tendons of the ring and little fingers
I - Into the radial border of the extensor expansion on the dorsum of the respective digits
N - Medial two: ulnar nerve
Lateral two: median
nerve
A - Flexion at MCP, Extension at IP
Dorsal Interossei
O - First: adjacent sides of the first and second
metacarpal
Second: adjacent sides of
the second and third
metacarpal
Third: adjacent sides of the third and fourth metacarpal
Fourth: adjacent sides of
the fourth and fifth
metacarpal
I - First: Radial side of the index finger, chiefly to the base of the
proximal phalanx
Second: Radial side of the middle finger
Third: Ulnar side of the middle finger, chiefly into extensor expansion
Fourth: Ulnar side of the ring finger
N - Ulnar
A - Abduction of 2nd, 3rd, 4th digits away
from middle finger
Palmar Interossei
O - First: ulnar side of the
thumb metacarpal
Second: ulnar side of the
second metacarpal
Third: radial side of the
fourth metacarpal
Fourth: radial side of the
fifth metacarpal
I - First: Ulnar side of the thumb.
Second: Ulnar side of the index finger.
Third: Radial side of the ring finger.
Fourth: Radial side of the little finger.
N - Ulnar
A - Adduction of 2nd, 4th, 5th digits towards middle finger, flexion of digit at MCP, extension at IP
External Intercostals
O - Lower border of a rib
I - Upper border of rib below
N - Intercostal nerves
A - Elevate ribs during inspiration
Internal Intercostals
O - Inner surface of a rib and costal cartilages
I - Upper borders of the adjacent ribs below
N - Intercostal nerves
A - Draw ribs downward during forced expiration
Transversus Thoracis
O - Inner surfaces of the lower third of the body of the sternum and adjacent
surfaces of the xiphoid
process
I - Internal surfaces of the sternocostal joints associated with the second (or third) through the sixth ribs
N - Intercostal nerves
A - Depresses the ribs
Quadratus Lumborum
O - Iliolumbar ligament and crest of the ilium
I - Rib 12 and tips of the transverse processes of the L1 to L4
N - Ventral ramus of spinal
nerve roots T12-L3
A - Extension and side flexion of lumbar
spine, expiration
Psoas Major
O - Transverse processes and lateral bodies of the last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae including the
intervertebral discs
I - Lesser trochanter of femur
N - Branches of ventral
rami L1-L3
A - Forward flexion and side flexion of
lumbar spine, Flexion of the hip joint
Iliacus
O - Superior two thirds of the iliac fossa, inner lip of the iliac crest
I - Lesser trochanter of femur
N - Femoral nerve
A - Flexion of hip joint
Rectus Abdominis
O - Pubic crest and anterior pubic ligament
I - On the front of the wall of the thorax, along a horizontal line
passing laterally from the xiphoid process, and cutting in that order, the 7th, 6th and 5th costal cartilages
N - Lower six or seven
thoracic nerves
A - Expiration, Flexion of the spine
External Oblique
O - Lateral side of ribs 4-12
I - Iliac crest, linea alba, and contralateral rectus sheaths
N - Lower six thoracic
nerves
A -Bilaterally: flexion of the trunk and posterior tilt of the pelvis
Unilaterally: lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the trunk
Internal Oblique
O - Iliac crest, inguinal
ligament, and
thoracolumbar fascia
I - Ribs 9-12, linea alba, and contralateral rectus sheaths
N - Lower six thoracic
nerves and the first
lumbar nerve
A - Unilaterally: lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the trunk
Bilaterally: flexion of the trunk and posterior tilt of the pelvis
Transversus
Abdominis
O - Iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, inner surface of the cartilages of ribs 6-12 and
the inguinal ligament
I - Linea alba
N - Lower six thoracic
nerves and the first
lumbar nerve
A - Bilaterally: stabilization of attachment sites for other abdominal muscles;
compression of the abdominal cavity
Rectus Femoris
O - Anterior inferior iliac spine
I - Base of the patella and, via the patellar tendon, the tibial tuberosity
N - Femoral
A - Extends knee and flexes hip
Vastus Lateralis
O - Upper region of
intertrochanteric line,
greater trochanter, lateral region of the gluteal
tuberosity, lateral lip of the linea aspera
I - Lateral capsule of the knee, base of the patella, and, via the patellar tendon, the tibial tuberosity
N - Femoral
A - Extends knee
Vastus Medialis
O - Lower region of
intertrochanteric line,
medial lip of linea aspera,
proximal medial
supracondylar line
I - Medial capsule of the knee, base of the patella, and, via the patellar tendon, the tibial tuberosity
N - Femoral
A - Knee extension
Vastus Intermedius
O - Anterior-lateral regions of the upper two thirds of the femoral shaft
I - Lateral base of the patella, and, via
the patellar tendon, the tibial tuberosity
N - Femoral
A - Extends knee
Sartorius
O - Anterior superior iliac Spine
I - Medial surface of tibia
N - Femoral Nerve
A - Hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, Knee flexion
Pectineus
O - Pectineal line on superior pubic ramus
I - Pectineal (spiral) line on the posterior surface of the femur
N - Femoral
A - Hip flexion, adduction, medial rotation
Adductor Longus
O - Body of pubis
I - Middle one third of the linea aspera of the femur
N - Obturator
A - Hip adduction, flexion, medial rotation
Adductor Brevis
O - Inferior pubic ramus
I - Proximal one third of the linea aspera of the femur
N - Obturator
A - Hip adduction, flexion, medial rotation
Adductor Magnus
O - Ischial ramus and ischial tuberosity
I - Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
N - Hip adduction, extension, medial rotation
A - Obturator and tibial
portion of sciatic nerve
Gracilis
O - Lower body of pubis
and inferior ramus of pubis
I - Medial surface of tibia
N - Obturator
A - Hip flexion, medial rotation, adduction And flexion of knee
Gluteus Maximus
O - Outer ilium, posterior gluteal line, thoracolumbar
fascia, posterior side of
sacrum and coccyx
I - Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial band
N - Hip extension & external rotation
Secondary action: Hip adduction
A - Inferior gluteal
Gluteus Medius
And Gluteus Minimus
O - Ilium
I - Greater trochanter
N - Superior Gluteal
A - Abduction of hip
Assist in medial and lateral rotation of hip
Tensor Fasciae Latae
O - Iliac crest and anterior
superior iliac spine
I - Proximal one third of the iliotibial band of the fascia lata
N - Superior gluteal
A - Flex, abduct, medially rotate hip
Piriformis
O - Anterior side of sacrum
I - Apex of the greater trochanter
N - Nerve to the piriformis
A - Lateral rotators of hip
Biceps Femoris
O - Long head: ischial
tuberosity
Short head: lateral lip of the linea aspera
I - Fibular head
N - Sciatic
A - Flex knee, extend hip
Semimembranosus
O - Ischial tuberosity
I - Medial condyle of tibia
N - Sciatic
A - Flex knee, extend hip
Semitendinosus
O - Ischial tuberosity
I - Medial surface of tibia
N - Sciatic
A - Flex knee, extend hip
Tibialis Anterior
O - Lateral condyle and
proximal 2/3 of the lateral
surface of tibia and
interosseous membrane
I - Medial cuneiform and the base of
the first metatarsal
N - Deep peroneal
A - Dorsiflexion, inversion
Extensor Digitorum
Longus
O - Lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibula
I - By four tendons that attach to the proximal base middle and distal
phalanges via the dorsal digital expansion
N - Deep peroneal
A - Toe extension, Ankle dorsiflexion, eversion
Extensor Hallucis
Longus
O - Medial surface of the fibula and adjacent interosseous
membrane
I - Distal phalanx of great toe
N - Deep peroneal
A - 1st toe extension, Ankle dorsiflexion,
inversion
Peroneus Tertius
O - Distal one third of the
medial surface of the fibula and adjacent interosseous
membrane
I - Base of 5th metatarsal
N - Deep peroneal
A - Ankle dorsiflexion, eversion
Peroneus Longus
O - Lateral condyle of tibia;
head, proximal two thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula
I - Lateral surface of the medial cuneiform and lateral side of the base of first metatarsal bone
N - Superficial peroneal
A - Plantarflexion, eversion
Peroneus Brevis
O - Lateral surface of fibula
I - Styloid process of the fifth metatarsal
N - Superficial peroneal
A - Plantarflexion, eversion
Gastrocnemius
O - Posterior aspect of the
lateral and medial femoral
condyle
I - Calcaneal tuberosity via the Achilles tendon
N - Tibial
A - Plantar flexion, Knee flexion
Soleus
O - Posterior surface of the fibula head and proximal
1/3 of its shaft and from the posterior side of the tibia
I - Calcaneal tuberosity via the Achilles tendon
N - Tibial
A - Plantar flexion
Plantaris
O - Inferior part of lateral
supracondylar line of the
femur
I - Joins the medial aspect of the Achilles tendon to insert on the calcaneal tuberosity
N - Tibial
A - Slight Knee flexion, Plantarflexion
Popliteus
O - Lateral condyle of femur
I - Posterior side of tibia
N - Tibial
A - Knee flexion and internal rotation
Flexor Digitorum
Longus
O - Posterior surface of tibia
I - By four separate tendons to the base of the distal phalanx of the four lesser toes
N - Tibial
A - 2-5 toes flexion, Plantar flexion, Inversion
Flexor Hallucis
Longus
O - Posterior surface of fibula
I - Plantar surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
N - Tibial
A - Flexion of great toe, Plantarflexion, Inversion
Tibialis Posterior
O - Posterior surface of the tibia and fibula & adjacent interosseous membrane
I - Tuberosity of navicular and all tarsals except talus
N - Tibial
A - Plantarflexion, Inversion
Abductor Hallucis
O - medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis
I - medial aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of large toe
N - Medial plantar
A - Abduct the big toe
Flexor Digitorum
Brevis
O - medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and the central part of the plantar aponeurosis
I - middle phalanges of the lateral four toes by a tendon to each toe
N - Medial plantar
A - 2-4th toe flexion
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O - plantar aponeurosis, lateral and medial processes of calcaneal tuberosity and the area between
I - base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit and 5th metatarsal bone
N - Lateral plantar
A - 5th Toe abduction and flexion
Quadratus Plantae
O - Medial surface of calcaneus bone, lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity
I - Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
N - Lateral plantar
A - Flexion of toes
Lumbricals
O - tendons of the flexor digitorum longus
I - medial margins of the extensor hoods of the four lateral toes
N - Toe 2: Medial plantar
Toe 3-5: Lateral plantar
A - MTP flexion, IP extension
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
O - Tendon of tibialis posterior, medial cuneiform bone, lateral cuneiform bone, cuboid bone
I - Lateral and medial aspects of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
N - Medial plantar
A - Flexes big toe
Adductor Hallucis
O - Oblique Head: proximal ends of middle 3 metatarsal bones; Transverse Head: MTP ligaments of lateral 3 toes
I - lateral side of base of first phalanx of the 1st toe; sesamoid apparatus
N - Lateral plantar
A - Adducts big toe
Flexor Digiti Minimi
O - base of the fifth metatarsal bone, and from the sheath of the Fibularis longus
I - lateral side of the base of the first phalanx of the fifth toe
N - Lateral plantar
A - Flexion of little toe
Dorsal Interossei
O - adjacent surfaces of the first and second metacarpal bones
I - lateral base of the second phalanx and extensor hood of the second digit
N - Lateral plantar
A - Abduction of 2-4 toes, Flexion at MTP joints
Plantar Interossei
O - Medial aspects of metatarsal bones 3-5
I - Medial bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion of digits 3-5
N - Lateral plantar
A - Adduction of 3-5 toes, Flexion at MTP joints
