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Anatomy Chp 7 > Muscles Test > Flashcards

Muscles Test Flashcards

1
Q

Contractility

A

Capacity to undergo shortening; as in muscles

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2
Q

Antagonist

A

muscle that has an action opposite that of a given movement or muscle; substance that opposes the action of another substance

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3
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter; released at synapses within the nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction

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4
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad sheet of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or other muscle

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5
Q

Elasticity

A

Capacity of structure to return to its original shape after being stretched

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6
Q

Fascicle

A

small bundle, as of muscle cells or nerve cell fibers

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7
Q

Origin

A

source; beginning; muscle attachment connected to a nonmoving part

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8
Q

Prime mover

A

the main muscle that produces a given movement

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9
Q

Synergist

A

substance or structure that enhances the work of another. A muscle that works with a prime mover to produce a given movement

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10
Q

Insertion

A

muscle attachment connected to a movable part

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11
Q

Tendon

A

cord of regular dense connective tissue that attaches muscle to a bone

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12
Q

Neuromuscular Junction

A

Point at which a neurons axon contacts a muscle cell

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13
Q

Hypertrophy

A

enlargement or overgrowth of an organ

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14
Q

Myology

A

Study of muscles

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15
Q

What muscle that is located in the wall of hallow organs, vessels, respiratory, and passage ways?

A

Smooth

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16
Q

Muscle that is located in the wall of the heart

A

Cardiac

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17
Q

Muscle that is attached to the bones

A

Skeletal

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18
Q

Types of muscle

A
  • smooth
  • cardiac
  • skeletal
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19
Q

Smooth Muscle (characteristics)

A

Tapered at each end, branching networks, nonstriated

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20
Q

Cardiac Muscle (characteristics)

A

Branching networks: special membranes (intercalated disks) between cells; single nucleus; lightly striated

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21
Q

Skeletal muscles (characteristics)

A

Long and cylindrical; multinucleated; heavily striated

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22
Q

Control of Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary

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23
Q

Control of Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary

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24
Q

Control of Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary

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25
Q

Action of Smooth muscle

A
  • Produces peristalsis
  • contracts and relaxes slowly
  • may sustain contraction
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26
Q

Action of Cardiac muscle

A

-Pumps blood out of the heart; self-excitatory but influenced by nervous system and hormones

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27
Q

Action of Skeletal Muscle

A

Produces movement at joints; stimulated by nervous system; contracts and relaxes rapidly

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28
Q

3 Primary Functions of the Skeletal Muscles

A

-Movement of skeleton
-Maintenance of posture
-Generation of heat
(blood circulation)

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29
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Location: Encircles eye
Function: Closes eye

30
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Location: encircles mouth
Function: Closes lips

31
Q

Buccinator

A

Location: Fleshy part of the cheek
Function: Flattens cheek; helps in eating, whistling, and blowing wind instruments

32
Q

Zygomaticus minor and major

A

Location: Cheel bone to mouth corners
Function: raises mouth corners upward and laterally (smile)

33
Q

Temporalis

A

Location: above and near ear
Function: closes jaw

34
Q

Masseter

A

Location: at angle of jaw
Function: closes jaw

35
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Location; along lateral neck, to mastoid process

Function: Flexes head; rotates head toward opposite side from muscle

36
Q

Trapezius

A

Location: Posterior neck and upper back to clavicle and scapula
Function: Raises shoulder and pulls it back; superior portion extends and turns head

37
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Location:middle and lower back; to humerus
Function: Extends and adducts arm (prime mover)

38
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Location: Superior, anterior to the chest, to humerus
Function: Flexes and adducts arm; medially rotates arm across chest; pulls shoulder forward and downward

39
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Location: Inferior to axilla on lateral chest, to scapula
Function: Moves shoulder forward; synergist in arm flexion and abduction

40
Q

Deltoid

A

Location: Covers shoulder joint, to lateral humerus
Function: Abducts arm; synergist in arm flexion, rotation, and extension

41
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Location: Anterior arm along humerus, to radius
Function: Supinates the forearm and hand; synergist in forearm flexion

42
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Lateral forearm from distal end of humerus to distal end of radius
Function: Synergist in forearm flexion

43
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Location: Posterior arm, to ulna
Function: Extends forearm to straighten upper extremity

44
Q

Flexors

A

In the anterior forearm; acts on the hand (carpi muscles) and fingers (digitorum muscle)

45
Q

Extensors

A

In the posterior forearm; acts on the hand (carpi muscles) and fingers (digitorum muscle)

46
Q

Diaphragm

A

Location: Dome-shaped partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Function: Dome descends to enlarge thoracic cavity from top to bottom during ventilation

47
Q

Intercostals

A

Location: Between ribs
Function: Alter thoracic cavity volume during ventilation

48
Q 
Muscles of the abdominal wall:
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus abdominis 
Rectus Abdominis
A

Location: Anterolateral abdominal wall
Function: Compress abdominal cavity and expel substances from body; flex spinal column

49
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Location: Superficial buttock, to femur
Function: Extends thigh

50
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Location: Deep buttock, to femur
Function: Abducts thigh

51
Q

Sartorius

A

Location: Crosses anterior thigh; from ilium to medial tibia
Function: flexes leg and thigh( to sit corss-legged)

52
Q 
Quadriceps Femoris:
Rectus Femoris 
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus intermedius(deep; not shown)
A

Location: Anterior thigh, to tibia
Function: Extends leg

53
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Location: crosses anterior hip joint, to femur
Function: Flexes thigh when trunk is immobilized; flexes trunk when thighs are immobilized

54
Q

Adductor group (adductor longus, adductor magnus)

A

Location: Medial thigh, to femur
Function: adducts thigh

55
Q

Hamstring group:
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

A

Location: Posterior thigh; ischium and femur to tibia and fibula
Function: flexes leg at knee; extends and rotates thigh at hip

56
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Location: posterior leg, to calcaneus, inserting by the achilles tendon
Function: Plantar flexes foot (as in tip toeing)

57
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Location: anterior and lateral leg, to foot
Function: Dorisflexes foot at ankle (as in walking on heels);inverts foot (sole inward)

58
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

A

Location: lateral leg, to foot
Function: Everts foot ( sole outward)

59
Q

Soleus

A

Location: posterior leg deep to gastrocnemius
Function: Plantar flexes foot

60
Q

Achilles tendon

A
  • The gastrocnemius ends near the heel in the prominet cord, the achilles tendon
  • attaches to calcaneus (heel bone)
  • largest tendon in the body
61
Q

Epicranial aponeurosis

A

located on top of the head

62
Q

Frontalis

A

Located on forehead

63
Q

Platysma

A

Forms a frown. located at neck

64
Q

Tone

A

Muscle tone refers to a muscles partially contracted state that is normal even when the muscle is not in use . The maintenance of this tone is tonus

65
Q

Extensibility

A

The ability of a muscle to be stretched

66
Q

Irritability

A

the normal response of a muscle to a stimulus

67
Q

Oxygen Debt

A

The bodys oxygen deficiency resulting from strenuous physical activity

68
Q

Atony

A

muscle losses its strength and tone

69
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size or wasting away

70
Q

ATP

A

All muscle contraction requires energy in the form of ATP

71
Q

Three compounds stored in muscle tissue that are used to generate energy in highly active muscle cells

A
  • Myoglobin-stores oxygen
  • Glycogen-storage form of glucose
  • Fatty acids are stored as triglycerides formed into fat droplets

Anatomy Chp 7 (1 decks)

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