Muscles Test

Question 1

Skeletal Muscles

Answer 1

Looks striped and long
Voluntary
Helps us move our bones
Attached to bones

Question 2

Cardiac Muscles

Answer 2

Looks striped
Involuntary
Pumps blood into heart
Only found in heart

Question 3

Smooth Muscles

Answer 3

Smooth
Involuntary
Moves things thru organs

Question 4

Ways skeletal muscles are named:

Answer 4

1. Location
2. Size
3. Shape
4. Direction of fibers
5. Number of origins
6. Origin and insertion
7. Action

Question 5

Agonist

Answer 5

Main muscle that contracts to create movement

Question 6

Antagonist

Answer 6

Muscle that opposes the movement

Question 7

Concentric

Answer 7

Muscle does its job

Question 8

Eccentric

Answer 8

Opposite of its function

Question 9

Isometric

Answer 9

Muscle contracts statically, does not change lenght

Question 10

Isokinetic

Answer 10

Muscle shortens and lengthens at a constant speed

Question 11

Strength

Answer 11

Force of maximal contraction

Question 12

Endurance

Answer 12

How long a muscle can maintain a sub maximal contraction (going until u can’t)

Question 13

Power

Answer 13

How fast a muscle can maximally contract

Question 14

Causes of muscle fatigue and DOMS

Answer 14

1. Cell damage
2. Tendons are overstretched
3. Lactic acid build up
4. Inflamed fascia

Question 15

Hupertrophy

Answer 15

Each muscle cell gets larger
Occurs during strength or power training

Question 16

Atrophy

Answer 16

Opposite
happens with age, 6 weeks inactivity in average person and 2 weeks in athletes

Question 17

Type 1:

Answer 17

Slow twitch
Uses O2, tired slowly

Question 18

Type 2A

Answer 18

Fast twitch
No O2, tires moderately

Question 19

Type 2X

Answer 19

Fast twitch
No O2, tired quickly

Question 20

How muscles are controlled:

Answer 20

1. Sense that movement needs to happen (procieptars and 5 senses)
2. Signal is sent to spinal cord (sensory/afferent nerves)
3. Signal goes up spinal cord to brain (internerons), brain decides which muscles to activate, signal goes back down (internerons)
4. Signal travels to specific muscles (motor nerves/efferent nerves)
5. Muscles contract

Question 21

How muscles contract

Answer 21

1. The signal gets to the end of the motor nerve but CANT get to the muscle because of a space between them called the neuromuscular junction
2. The motor nerves releases acetylcholine (ACh) to travel across the space
3. When ACh reaches cell membrane (sacrolemma), it causes them to react with calcium
4. Calcium let’s Actin + myosin strips bind together to shorten muscles
5. In order for actin + myosin to release and the muscle to relax, energy from food (ATP) is needed

Question 22

Tendon

Answer 22

Strong tissue connecting muscle to bone

Question 23

Muscle Belly

Answer 23

Central part of muscle

Question 24

Sarcoplasm

Answer 24

Fluid inside a muscle

Question 25

Sarcolemma

Answer 25

Cell membrane

Question 26

Myofibrils

Answer 26

Tiny strands inside muscle
Actin: thin protein
Myosin: thick protein

Question 27

Strains

Answer 27

A pulled or torn muscle/tendon

Question 28

Grade 1 strain

Answer 28

Over stretching, minor pain and stiffness

Question 29

Grade 2

Answer 29

Partial tear, bruising, swelling and pain

Question 30

Grade 3

Answer 30

Total year likely requiring surgery, server bruising, swelling and pain

Question 31

Tendinitis

Answer 31

Inflammation of tendon due to overuse or improper form
Treated with rest, anti-inflammatories and physiotherapy