Muscles Test Flashcards
Skeletal Muscles
Looks striped and long
Voluntary
Helps us move our bones
Attached to bones
Cardiac Muscles
Looks striped
Involuntary
Pumps blood into heart
Only found in heart
Smooth Muscles
Smooth
Involuntary
Moves things thru organs
Ways skeletal muscles are named:
- Location
- Size
- Shape
- Direction of fibers
- Number of origins
- Origin and insertion
- Action
Agonist
Main muscle that contracts to create movement
Antagonist
Muscle that opposes the movement
Concentric
Muscle does its job
Eccentric
Opposite of its function
Isometric
Muscle contracts statically, does not change lenght
Isokinetic
Muscle shortens and lengthens at a constant speed
Strength
Force of maximal contraction
Endurance
How long a muscle can maintain a sub maximal contraction (going until u can’t)
Power
How fast a muscle can maximally contract
Causes of muscle fatigue and DOMS
- Cell damage
- Tendons are overstretched
- Lactic acid build up
- Inflamed fascia
Hupertrophy
Each muscle cell gets larger
Occurs during strength or power training
Atrophy
Opposite
happens with age, 6 weeks inactivity in average person and 2 weeks in athletes
Type 1:
Slow twitch
Uses O2, tired slowly
Type 2A
Fast twitch
No O2, tires moderately
Type 2X
Fast twitch
No O2, tired quickly
How muscles are controlled:
- Sense that movement needs to happen (procieptars and 5 senses)
- Signal is sent to spinal cord (sensory/afferent nerves)
- Signal goes up spinal cord to brain (internerons), brain decides which muscles to activate, signal goes back down (internerons)
- Signal travels to specific muscles (motor nerves/efferent nerves)
- Muscles contract
How muscles contract
- The signal gets to the end of the motor nerve but CANT get to the muscle because of a space between them called the neuromuscular junction
- The motor nerves releases acetylcholine (ACh) to travel across the space
- When ACh reaches cell membrane (sacrolemma), it causes them to react with calcium
- Calcium let’s Actin + myosin strips bind together to shorten muscles
- In order for actin + myosin to release and the muscle to relax, energy from food (ATP) is needed
Tendon
Strong tissue connecting muscle to bone
Muscle Belly
Central part of muscle
Sarcoplasm
Fluid inside a muscle
Sarcolemma
Cell membrane
Myofibrils
Tiny strands inside muscle
Actin: thin protein
Myosin: thick protein
Strains
A pulled or torn muscle/tendon
Grade 1 strain
Over stretching, minor pain and stiffness
Grade 2
Partial tear, bruising, swelling and pain
Grade 3
Total year likely requiring surgery, server bruising, swelling and pain
Tendinitis
Inflammation of tendon due to overuse or improper form
Treated with rest, anti-inflammatories and physiotherapy
