muscles, tendons (very basic terms), muscle groups (general action of main muscle groups) Flashcards

1
Q

agonist

A

any muscle that produces certain effect

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2
Q

antagonist

A

muscle that actively opposes (the) movement (that is caused by agonist?)

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3
Q

synergists (2 POINTS)

A
  • other muscles (not agonist/antagonist) that may modify action of agonist e.g. by eliminating unwanted side effect
  • do NOT facilitate OR directly oppose movement
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4
Q

fixators

A

muscle employed to stabilise joint rather than employ movement

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5
Q

(tendons)

points of…origin

A

attachment to more proximal/central bone? (more stable bone?)

  • WILL CHANGE DEPENDENT ON THE TYPE OF THE INDIVIDUAL MOVEMENT/DEPENDS ON THE SPECIFIC ACTION - like with agonists/antagonists??? *
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6
Q

(tendons)

points of…insertion

A

attachment to more distal/peripheral bone? (more moveable bone?)

  • WILL CHANGE DEPENDENT ON THE TYPE OF THE INDIVIDUAL MOVEMENT/DEPENDS ON THE SPECIFIC ACTION - like with agonists/antagonists??? *
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7
Q

triceps brachii (muscle GROUP): give the function/action

A

EXTENSION of ELBOW

(+flexion of shoulder? - not sure)

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8
Q

biceps brachii (muscle GROUP): give the function/action

A

FLEXION of ELBOW

(+extension of shoulder? - not sure)

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9
Q

EPAXIAL MUSCLES (muscle GROUP):

give the function/action

A

EXTENSION of VERTEBRAL COLUMN

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10
Q

HYPAXIAL MUSCLES (muscle GROUP):

give the function/action

A

FLEXION of NECK AND TAIL

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11
Q

STERNOCEPHALICUS (muscle GROUP):

give the function/action

A

FLEXION of NECK

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12
Q

Supraspinatus
infraspinatus
and subscapularis (muscle GROUP???):

give the function/action

A

FLEXION of shoulder joint laterally???

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13
Q

GLUTEAL MUSCLES (muscle GROUP):

give the function/action

A

EXTENSION of HIP ?abduction

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14
Q

SEMIMEMBRANOUS
and
SEMITENDINOSUS (muscle GROUPS?):

give the function/action

A

EXTENSION of HIP JOINT (moves trunk forward?)

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15
Q

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS (muscle GROUP):

give the function/action

A

(principle) EXTENSOR of STIFLE

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16
Q

main function of SDFT and DDFT

A

flexion of fetlock?

17
Q

main function of TIOM

A

prevents hyperextension of metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock)

  • suspensory ligament?
18
Q

name the contractile cells in…SMOOTH muscle

A

leiomyocytes

19
Q

name the contractile cells in…SKELETAL muscle

A

rhabdomyocytes (merge to make myofibres - muscle fibres)

20
Q

name the contractile cells in…CARDIAC muscle

A

cardiomyocytes

21
Q

3 ways in which the types of muscle cell can be distinguished histologically? (by looking at the cells down microscope)

A
  • shape and size of cells
  • no and org. of nuclei
  • org of contractile elements
22
Q

I

A