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AP 1 Muscles > Muscles Part 1 > Flashcards

Muscles Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle Tissue is derived from

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

Three types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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3
Q

Skeletal Muscle Tissue contains

A

40% of body mass
multi-nucleated cells
quick twitch, short contractions

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4
Q

Cardiac Muscle Contains

A

cells are short and branched
striations
intercalted discs
intermediate twitch

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5
Q

Smooth Muscle Tissue Contains

A

Lack striations
Slow twitch
long contrations

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6
Q

Functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue

A

Produces Skeletal Movement
Maintains Body Posture and Positon
Supports Soft Tissues
Guards Entrances and Exits
Maintains body temperature
Provides Nutrient Reserves

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7
Q

A Single Skeletal Muscle is composed of

A

Large bundles called fascicles

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8
Q

Fascicles are composed of

A

Numerous Muscle Cells also called Muscle Fibers

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9
Q

Muscle Fiber is composed of

A

Myofibrils

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10
Q

Myofibrils are composed of

A

Two Contractile proteins called myofilaments

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11
Q

Myosin

A

Thick Myofilaments

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12
Q

Actin

A

Thin myofilaments

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13
Q

Sarcomeres

A

Myocin and Actin are arranged in an overlapping pattern creating hundreds to thousands of these

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14
Q

Epimysium

A

Dense Layer of Collagen Fibers surrounds the entire muscle
Separates Muscle from surrounding tissues and organs
Connected to Deep Fascia

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15
Q

Perimysium

A

Fibrous layer that divides muscle fibers into a series of bundles called fascicles
Possesses blood vessels, nerves, collagen and elastic fibers

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16
Q

Endomysium

A

Delicate connective tissue that surrounds individual skeletal muscles/fibers

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17
Q

Tendon

A

End of skeletal muscles collagen fibers merge into this

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18
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad sheet at end of muscles, anchor to bone

19
Q

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell is called

A

Sarcoplasm

20
Q

Myogobin

A

Large amounts in muscle cells
Important protein in storage of oxygen

21
Q

Plasma Membrane of a muscle cell is called

A

Sarcolemma

22
Q

Transverse Tubules (T tubules)

A

Invaginations of the sarcolemma that extend deep into the sarcoplasm at right angles to cells surface
Allow electrical impulses generated at the surface to travel into the cell’s interior

23
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

A

Similar to smooth ER of other cells
Forms tubular network surrounding each myofibril
Membrane contains ion pumps that move Calcium from cytosols into the ER

24
Q

Calsequestrin

A

Protein located in the SR that calcium ions bind to

25
Q

Triad

A

One T-Tubule that has a terminal cisterna on either side

26
Q

Terminal Cisterna

A

Tubules of SR that are enlarged and form chambers to store calcium ions

27
Q

Sarcomere

A

Functional/contractile unit of skeletal muscle
Resting length of about 2 um
Composed of specific arrangements of myofilaments of actin and myosin

28
Q

A Band

A

Dense region of sarcomere that contains overlapping thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments

29
Q

I Band

A

Either side of A band
Only contains thin filaments (actin)

30
Q

H Band

A

In the middle of the A- Band
Only contains Thick filaments (myosin)

31
Q

M Line

A

Located in Middle of H band
Anchors central portion of each thick filament

32
Q

Z Lines

A

Mark Boundary between adjacent sarcomeres

33
Q

Actinins

A

Located in Z line
Proteins
Anchor thin filaments of adjacent sarcomeres

34
Q

Numbers 1-5

A

1 - Muscle Fiber Nucleus
2 - Motor Neuron Axon
3 - Axon Branches
4 - Motor Neuron Endplate
5 - Myofibril of muscle fiber

35
Q

Numbers 6-10

A

6 Synaptic Cleft

7 Folded Sarcolemma

8 Acetylcholine

9 Mitochondria

10 Synaptic Vesicles

36
Q

Thin Filaments of Actin are composed of

A

F-Actin Filamentous Actin

G-Actin Globular Actin

Nebulin

Tropomyosin

Troponin

37
Q

F-Actin

A

Filamentous - Twisted strand composed of two rows of 300-400 individual molecules of G-Actin

38
Q

G-Actin

A

Globular

Rounded, compact molecule of protein that possesses an active site where one myosin molecule can bind

39
Q

Nebulin

A

Long strand of protein that extends along the F-Actin strand in the cleft between the rows of G-Actin molecules

Helps stabilize the F-Actin strands

40
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Double-stranded protein that covers over the active sites of the G-Actin in a resting muscle. Prevents interaction of actin and myosin

41
Q

Troponin

A

Three globular subunits, strategically placed along tropomyosin

42
Q

Action of Calcium biding to Troponin

A

Troponin changes shape which causes tropomyosin to swivel, revealing active site on G-Actin so myosin and actin can form a cross bridge

43
Q

Myosin

A

Myosin Molecules - pair of myosin subunits twisted around each other

Tail portion connected to a free head portion

Tail and Free head connected by hinge that allows head to swivel

Single filament has about 300 molecules twisted together - tails point to M Line, heads arranged in a spiral facing the thin filaments

At core is a thick elastic filament of Tintin which recoils after stretching

44
Q

Synaptic Terminals

A

Axon of each motor neuron branches to form numerous cellular extensions

AP 1 Muscles (1 decks)

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