Muscles- Origins, Insertions, Actions, and Innervations

Question 1

Deltoid Muscle

Answer 1

origin: spine and acromial process of the scapula
insertion: deltoid tuberosity
action: flex shoulder joint
innervation: axillary n.

Question 2

Biceps Brachii muscle

Answer 2

origin: supraglenoid tubercle
insertion: ulnar and radial tuberosities
action: flex elbow and extend shoulder
innervation: musculocutaneous n.

Question 3

Long Triceps muscle

Answer 3

origin: caudal border of scapula
insertion: olecranon tuber
action: extend elbow and flex shoulder
innervation: radial n.

Question 4

Lateral Triceps muscle

Answer 4

origin: tricipital line of humerus
insertion: olecranon tuber
action: extend the elbow
innervation: radial n.

Question 5

Accessory Triceps muscle

Answer 5

origin: neck of humerus
insertion: olecranon tuber
action: extend the elbow
innervation: radial n.

Question 6

Medial Triceps muscle

Answer 6

origin: crest of the lesser tubercle near the teres major tuberosity
insertion: olecranon tuber
action: extend the elbow
innervation: radial n.

Question 7

Quadriceps muscle (rectus femoris)

Answer 7

origin: ilium
insertion: tibial tuberosity
action: extend stifle, flex hip (rectus)
innervation: femoral n.

Question 8

Quadriceps muscle (vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis)

Answer 8

origin: proximal femur
insertion: tibial tuberosity
action: extend stifle
innervation: femoral n.

Question 9

Sartorius m. (cranial)

Answer 9

origin: crest of ileum and thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: patella
action: flex hip, extend stifle
innervation: femoral n.

Question 10

Sartorius m. (caudal)

Answer 10

origin: cranial ventral iliac spine and adjacent ventral border of ileum
insertion: cranial border of tibia
action: flex hip, flex stifle
innervation: femoral n.

Question 11

Biceps femoris m.

Answer 11

origin: sacrotuberous ligament and ischiadic tuberosity
insertion: fascia lata, crural fascia–> patella, patellar ligament, cranial border of tibia; crural fascia–> subcutaneous part of tibial body, tuber calcanei
action: extend hip, stifle, and hock; caudal portion flexes stifle
innervation: sciatic nerve

Question 12

Gastrocnemius m.

Answer 12

origin: medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur
insertion: proximal dorsal surface of the tuber calcanei
action: extend the tarsus and flex stifle
innervation: tibial n.

Question 13

Cranial tibial m.

Answer 13

origin: extensor groove and adjacent articular margin of the tibia, the lateral edge of the cranial tibial border
insertion: plantar surface of the base of metatarsals I and II
action: flex tarsocrural joint and rotate the paw laterally so that the plantar surface faces medially
innervation: peroneus n.

Question 14

Iliopsoas m.

Answer 14

origin: poses major– lumbar vertebrae; iliacus– cranioventral ilium
insertion: lesser trochanter
action: flex hip
innervation: femoral n.

Question 15

Gluteal m. (superficial)

Answer 15

origin: lateral border of the sacrum and the first caudal vertebra, partly by means of the sacrotuberous ligament; cranial dorsal iliac spine by means of deep gluteal fascia
insertion: third trochanter
action: extend hip and abduct the limb
innervation: gluteal n.

Question 16

Gluteal m. (middle)

Answer 16

origin: crest and gluteal surface of the ilium
insertion: greater trochanter
action: extend and abduct the hip and rotate the pelvic limb medially
innervation: gluteal n.

Question 17

Gluteal m. (deep)

Answer 17

origin: body of ilium, ischiatic spine
insertion: cranial aspect of greater trochanter
action: extend and abduct the hip and rotate pelvic limb medially
innervation: gluteal n.

Question 18

Gracilis m.

Answer 18

origin: pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon
insertion: cranial border of tibia, tuber calcanei
action: adduct limb, flex stifle, extend hip and hock
innervation: obturator n.

Question 19

Pectineus m.

Answer 19

origin: iliopubic eminence and pubic tubercle via prepubic tendon
insertion: distal end of medial lip of caudal rough surface of the femur
action: adduct limb
innervation: femoral n.